Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stuþjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

From *stuþs (“support, prop, post”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈstuθ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*stuþjaną[2]

  1. to support

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stuþjō *stuþjaų — *stuþjai ?
2nd singular *stuþisi *stuþjais *stuþi *stuþjasai *stuþjaisau
3rd singular *stuþiþi *stuþjai *stuþjaþau *stuþjaþai *stuþjaiþau
1st dual *stuþjōs *stuþjaiw — — —
2nd dual *stuþjaþiz *stuþjaiþiz *stuþjaþiz — —
1st plural *stuþjamaz *stuþjaim — *stuþjanþai *stuþjainþau
2nd plural *stuþiþ *stuþjaiþ *stuþiþ *stuþjanþai *stuþjainþau
3rd plural *stuþjanþi *stuþjain *stuþjanþau *stuþjanþai *stuþjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stuþidǭ *stuþidēdį̄
2nd singular *stuþidēz *stuþidēdīz
3rd singular *stuþidē *stuþidēdī
1st dual *stuþidēdū *stuþidēdīw
2nd dual *stuþidēdudiz *stuþidēdīdiz
1st plural *stuþidēdum *stuþidēdīm
2nd plural *stuþidēdud *stuþidēdīd
3rd plural *stuþidēdun *stuþidēdīn
present past
participles *stuþjandz *stuþidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *stuþþjan
    • Old High German: studden, studen
      • Middle High German: stüden
  • Old Norse: styðja

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*stuđjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 382
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*stuþ/d-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 489: “*stuþjan-”
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