Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stunjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)ten- (“to thunder, roar, groan”).

Verb

*stunjaną

  1. to sigh, pant
  2. to moan, groan

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stunjō *stunjaų — *stunjai ?
2nd singular *stunisi *stunjais *stuni *stunjasai *stunjaisau
3rd singular *stuniþi *stunjai *stunjaþau *stunjaþai *stunjaiþau
1st dual *stunjōs *stunjaiw — — —
2nd dual *stunjaþiz *stunjaiþiz *stunjaþiz — —
1st plural *stunjamaz *stunjaim — *stunjanþai *stunjainþau
2nd plural *stuniþ *stunjaiþ *stuniþ *stunjanþai *stunjainþau
3rd plural *stunjanþi *stunjain *stunjanþau *stunjanþai *stunjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *stunidǭ *stunidēdį̄
2nd singular *stunidēz *stunidēdīz
3rd singular *stunidē *stunidēdī
1st dual *stunidēdū *stunidēdīw
2nd dual *stunidēdudiz *stunidēdīdiz
1st plural *stunidēdum *stunidēdīm
2nd plural *stunidēdud *stunidēdīd
3rd plural *stunidēdun *stunidēdīn
present past
participles *stunjandz *stunidaz
  • *stanikōną
  • *stuniz
    • Old Norse: stynr m
      • Icelandic: stynur
      • Faroese: stynur
  • *stunōną

Descendants

  • Old Norse: stynja
    • Icelandic: stynja
    • Faroese: stynja
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: stynja, stynje
      • → Scots: stin
        • ⇒ Scots: stunyan
    • Old Swedish: stynia, stönia
    • Old Danish: styniæ
    • → Middle English: *stinnen
      • English: stin (“to groan”) (Yorkshire)

References

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