Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sufjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

Etymology

A zero-grade formation to *swefaną, or from *sufjaz (“sleepy”) +‎ *-janą

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈsuɸ.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*sufjaną[2]

  1. (impersonal, with accusative) to become sleepy, to doze off

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sufjō *sufjaų — *sufjai ?
2nd singular *sufisi *sufjais *sufi *sufjasai *sufjaisau
3rd singular *sufiþi *sufjai *sufjaþau *sufjaþai *sufjaiþau
1st dual *sufjōs *sufjaiw — — —
2nd dual *sufjaþiz *sufjaiþiz *sufjaþiz — —
1st plural *sufjamaz *sufjaim — *sufjanþai *sufjainþau
2nd plural *sufiþ *sufjaiþ *sufiþ *sufjanþai *sufjainþau
3rd plural *sufjanþi *sufjain *sufjanþau *sufjanþai *sufjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *sufidǭ *sufidēdį̄
2nd singular *sufidēz *sufidēdīz
3rd singular *sufidē *sufidēdī
1st dual *sufidēdū *sufidēdīw
2nd dual *sufidēdudiz *sufidēdīdiz
1st plural *sufidēdum *sufidēdīm
2nd plural *sufidēdud *sufidēdīd
3rd plural *sufidēdun *sufidēdīn
present past
participles *sufjandz *sufidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *suffjan
    • Old Dutch: *suffen
      • Middle Dutch: suffen
        • Dutch: suffen
          • →? Dutch Low Saxon: suffen
          • →? West Frisian: suffe
  • Old Norse: syfja

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*sufja-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 489: “*sufjōjan-”
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*sufjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 385
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