Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swammijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *swimmaną (“to swim”) +‎ *-janą (“causative suffix”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈswɑm.mi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swammijaną[1]

  1. (transitive) to make swim

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swammijō *swammijaų — *swammijai ?
2nd singular *swammīsi *swammijais *swammī *swammijasai *swammijaisau
3rd singular *swammīþi *swammijai *swammijaþau *swammijaþai *swammijaiþau
1st dual *swammijōs *swammijaiw — — —
2nd dual *swammijaþiz *swammijaiþiz *swammijaþiz — —
1st plural *swammijamaz *swammijaim — *swammijanþai *swammijainþau
2nd plural *swammīþ *swammijaiþ *swammīþ *swammijanþai *swammijainþau
3rd plural *swammijanþi *swammijain *swammijanþau *swammijanþai *swammijainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *swammidǭ *swammidēdį̄
2nd singular *swammidēz *swammidēdīz
3rd singular *swammidē *swammidēdī
1st dual *swammidēdū *swammidēdīw
2nd dual *swammidēdudiz *swammidēdīdiz
1st plural *swammidēdum *swammidēdīm
2nd plural *swammidēdud *swammidēdīd
3rd plural *swammidēdun *swammidēdīn
present past
participles *swammijandz *swammidaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *swammijan
    • Old English: *swemman
      • ⇒ Old English: beswemman
    • Old Saxon: *swemmian
    • Old Dutch: *swemmen
    • Old High German: *swemmen

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*swammjan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 495
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