Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tōmaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *tōmijaz

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *deH-, further origin unknown.[1] Potentially from Proto-Indo-European *deh₂- (“to divide, share”), but semantically unconvincing.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtɔː.mɑz/

Adjective

*tōmaz

  1. free, clear, empty, unoccupied

Inflection

Declension of *tōmaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *tōmaz *tōmō *tōmą, -atō *tōmai *tōmôz *tōmō
accusative *tōmanǭ *tōmǭ *tōmą, -atō *tōmanz *tōmōz *tōmō
genitive *tōmas, -is *tōmaizōz *tōmas, -is *tōmaizǫ̂ *tōmaizǫ̂ *tōmaizǫ̂
dative *tōmammai *tōmaizōi *tōmammai *tōmaimaz *tōmaimaz *tōmaimaz
instrumental *tōmanō *tōmaizō *tōmanō *tōmaimiz *tōmaimiz *tōmaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *tōmô *tōmǭ *tōmô *tōmaniz *tōmōniz *tōmōnō
accusative *tōmanų *tōmōnų *tōmô *tōmanunz *tōmōnunz *tōmōnō
genitive *tōminiz *tōmōniz *tōminiz *tōmanǫ̂ *tōmōnǫ̂ *tōmanǫ̂
dative *tōmini *tōmōni *tōmini *tōmammaz *tōmōmaz *tōmammaz
instrumental *tōminē *tōmōnē *tōminē *tōmammiz *tōmōmiz *tōmammiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *tōm(ī)
    • Old English: tōm
    • Old Saxon: tōm, tōmi
    • Old High German: *zuom, *zuomi
      • ⇒ Old High German: widarzuomi
    • ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *tōmīg
      • Old Saxon: tōmig
      • Old High German: zuomīg
  • Old Norse: tómr

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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