Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/twiznāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *twiznaz (“twine”) +‎ *-āną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈtwiz.nɑː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*twiznāną

  1. to twine, wind threads

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *twiznō ? — ? ?
2nd singular *twiznaisi ? *twiznai *twiznāsai ?
3rd singular *twiznaiþi ? *twiznāþau *twiznāþai ?
1st dual *twiznōs ? — — —
2nd dual *twiznāþiz ? *twiznāþiz — —
1st plural *twiznāmaz ? — *twiznānþai ?
2nd plural *twiznaiþ ? *twiznaiþ *twiznānþai ?
3rd plural *twiznānþi ? *twiznānþau *twiznānþai ?
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *twiznadǭ *twiznadēdį̄
2nd singular *twiznadēz *twiznadēdīz
3rd singular *twiznadē *twiznadēdī
1st dual *twiznadēdū *twiznadēdīw
2nd dual *twiznadēdudiz *twiznadēdīdiz
1st plural *twiznadēdum *twiznadēdīm
2nd plural *twiznadēdud *twiznadēdīd
3rd plural *twiznadēdun *twiznadēdīn
present past
participles *twiznāndz *twiznadaz

Alternative reconstructions

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *twiʀnēn, *twiʀnōn
    • Old English: *twīnian
    • Old Frisian: *twīnia
      • Saterland Frisian: twienje
      • West Frisian: twynje, twine
    • Old Saxon: *twirnōn
      • Middle Low German: twernen
        • Low German: twernen
    • Old Dutch: *twirnon, *twīnon
      • Middle Dutch: twernen, twinen
        • Dutch: tweernen, twijnen
    • Old High German: zwirnēn, zwirnōn
  • Old Norse: tvinna

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*twiznōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 414
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