Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wēniz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwɛː.niz/

Etymology 1

Possible vṛddhi gerundive of unattested *wenaną (“to be accustomed to, expect”), from Proto-Indo-European *wénh₁-e-ti, from *wenh₁- (“to love”). Orel however considers the word to be an adjectival derivative of the noun sense in Etymology 2, though ultimately traces the word back to *wenh₁- regardless.^[1]

Adjective

*wēniz

likely, to be expected
promising, hopeful

Inflection

Declension of *wēniz (i-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*wēniz	*wēnī	wēnį, -jatō	*wēnijai	*wēnijôz	*wēnijō
accusative	*wēnijanǭ	*wēnijǭ	wēnį, -jatō	*wēnijanz	*wēnijōz	*wēnijō
genitive	wēnijas, wēnīs	*wēnijaizōz	wēnijas, wēnīs	*wēnijaizǫ̂	*wēnijaizǫ̂	*wēnijaizǫ̂
dative	*wēnijammai	*wēnijaizōi	*wēnijammai	*wēnijaimaz	*wēnijaimaz	*wēnijaimaz
instrumental	*wēnijanō	*wēnijaizō	*wēnijanō	*wēnijaimiz	*wēnijaimiz	*wēnijaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*wēnijô	*wēnijǭ	*wēnijô	*wēnijaniz	*wēnijōniz	*wēnijōnō
accusative	*wēnijanų	*wēnijōnų	*wēnijô	*wēnijanunz	*wēnijōnunz	*wēnijōnō
genitive	*wēnīniz	*wēnijōniz	*wēnīniz	*wēnijanǫ̂	*wēnijōnǫ̂	*wēnijanǫ̂
dative	*wēnīni	*wēnijōni	*wēnīni	*wēnijammaz	*wēnijōmaz	*wēnijammaz
instrumental	*wēnīnē	*wēnijōnē	*wēnīnē	*wēnijammiz	*wēnijōmiz	*wēnijammiz

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wānī
- Old English: *wēne
  - ⇒ Old English: ġewēne
- ⇒ Proto-West Germanic: *anawānī
  - Old Saxon: anawāni
  - Old High German: anawāni
Old Norse: vænn
- Icelandic: vænn
- Faroese: vænur
- Norwegian Nynorsk: væn, ven; (dialectal) vén’e
- Swedish: vän
- Danish: væn
  - Norwegian Bokmål: ven

Etymology 2

Likely nominalized from the adjective, though Kroonen and Orel consider the noun to be the original form.^[2]^[3]

Noun

*wēniz f^[2]

hope, expectation
belief

Inflection

Declension of *wēniz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wēniz	*wēnīz
vocative	*wēni	*wēnīz
accusative	*wēnį	*wēninz
genitive	*wēnīz	*wēnijǫ̂
dative	*wēnī	*wēnimaz
instrumental	*wēnī	*wēnimiz

Derived terms

*wēnijaną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wāni
- Old English: wēn
  - Middle English: wene, wen
    - English: ween
    - Scots: wen, wene
- Old Frisian: wēn
- Old Saxon: wān
- Old Dutch: wān
  - Middle Dutch: wâen
    - Dutch: waan
      - Afrikaans: waan
    - Limburgish: waan
- Old High German: wān
  - Middle High German: wān
    - German: Wahn
    - Luxembourgish: Woun
Old Norse: ván, vǫ́n, vón, ón
- Icelandic: von
- Faroese: vón
- Norwegian: von
- Old Swedish: vān
  - Swedish: vån
- Old Danish: wān
- → Middle English: iwon, wane, wone
  - English: wone
Gothic: 𐍅𐌴𐌽𐍃 (wēns)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wēniz II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 461
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wēni-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 579
^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wēniz I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 461

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wēniz II”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 461

[EDPG-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*wēni-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 579

[3] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wēniz I”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 461

[1]

[2]

[3]