Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wīsaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *weyd-so-s (“knowledgeable”), from *weyd- (“to know”).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwiː.sɑz/

Adjective

*wīsaz

wise, knowledgeable

Inflection

Declension of *wīsaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*wīsaz	*wīsō	*wīsą, -atō	*wīsai	*wīsôz	*wīsō
accusative	*wīsanǭ	*wīsǭ	*wīsą, -atō	*wīsanz	*wīsōz	*wīsō
genitive	*wīsas, -is	*wīsaizōz	*wīsas, -is	*wīsaizǫ̂	*wīsaizǫ̂	*wīsaizǫ̂
dative	*wīsammai	*wīsaizōi	*wīsammai	*wīsaimaz	*wīsaimaz	*wīsaimaz
instrumental	*wīsanō	*wīsaizō	*wīsanō	*wīsaimiz	*wīsaimiz	*wīsaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*wīsô	*wīsǭ	*wīsô	*wīsaniz	*wīsōniz	*wīsōnō
accusative	*wīsanų	*wīsōnų	*wīsô	*wīsanunz	*wīsōnunz	*wīsōnō
genitive	*wīsiniz	*wīsōniz	*wīsiniz	*wīsanǫ̂	*wīsōnǫ̂	*wīsanǫ̂
dative	*wīsini	*wīsōni	*wīsini	*wīsammaz	*wīsōmaz	*wīsammaz
instrumental	*wīsinē	*wīsōnē	*wīsinē	*wīsammiz	*wīsōmiz	*wīsammiz

Derived terms

*unwīsaz
*-wīsaz
*wīsadōmaz (“wisdom”)
*wīsōną

Descendants

Old English: wīs
- Middle English: wis, wys
  - Scots: wis, wise
  - English: wise
    - ⇒ English: wizard
Old Frisian: wīs
- Saterland Frisian: wies
- West Frisian: wys, wiis
Old Saxon: wīs
- Middle Low German: wīs
  - Low German:
    - German Low German: wies
    - Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch-Lippisch: wuise, wuis
      Sauerländisch: weyse, wüse, wīse, wuise
      Westmünsterländisch: wiese
  - Plautdietsch: weis
Old Dutch: wīs
- Middle Dutch: wijs
  - Dutch: wijs
    - Negerhollands: wies
Old High German: wīs
- Middle High German: wīse
  - German: weise
- ⇒ Old High German: wīsi
Proto-Norse: *ᚹᛁᛊᚨᛉ (*wīsaʀ)
- Old Norse: víss
  - Icelandic: vís
  - Faroese: vísur
  - Norwegian: vis
  - Old Swedish: vīs
    - Swedish: vis
  - Danish: vis
→ Proto-Finnic: *viisas
- Finnish: viisas
- → Proto-Samic: *vijsēs
  - Northern Sami: viissis
  - Southern Sami: vijsies
Gothic: *𐍅𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*weis)
Vandalic: *wīsa- (in personal names)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wīsaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 467

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wīsaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 467

[1]