Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wankōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

According to Kroonen, a nasal-infixed derivative from the verb *weganą (“to move”).^[1] Orel prefers a connection to *wenkjanana, which he derives from Proto-Indo-European *weng- (“to bow, bend”), and compares to Sanskrit वङ्गति (vaṅgati, “to limp, walk”), Lithuanian véngti (“to swerve, avoid”).^[2]

Verb

*wankōną^[2]

to sway, to waver

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*wankō	*wankǭ	—	*wankōi	?
2nd singular	*wankōsi	*wankōs	*wankō	*wankōsai	*wankōsau
3rd singular	*wankōþi	*wankō	*wankōþau	*wankōþai	*wankōþau
1st dual	*wankōs	*wankōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*wankōþiz	*wankōþiz	*wankōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*wankōmaz	*wankōm	—	*wankōnþai	*wankōnþau
2nd plural	*wankōþ	*wankōþ	*wankōþ	*wankōnþai	*wankōnþau
3rd plural	*wankōnþi	*wankōn	*wankōnþau	*wankōnþai	*wankōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*wankōdǭ	*wankōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*wankōdēz	*wankōdēdīz
3rd singular	*wankōdē	*wankōdēdī
1st dual	*wankōdēdū	*wankōdēdīw
2nd dual	*wankōdēdudiz	*wankōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*wankōdēdum	*wankōdēdīm
2nd plural	*wankōdēdud	*wankōdēdīd
3rd plural	*wankōdēdun	*wankōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*wankōndz	*wankōdaz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wankōn
- Old Frisian: *wankia, *wonkia
  - Saterland Frisian: wonkje
  - West Frisian: wankje
- Old Saxon: wankōn
  - Middle Low German: wanken
    - German Low German: wanken
    - → Danish: vanke
    - → Norwegian Bokmål: vanke
    - → Norwegian Nynorsk: vanka
    - → Swedish: vanka
- Old Dutch: *wancon
  - Middle Dutch: wanken
    - Dutch: wanken
- Old High German: wankōn
  - Middle High German: wanken
    - German: wanken
Old Norse: vakka
- Icelandic: vakka
- Faroese: vakka

References

^ Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages wakona, 568
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wankōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 447

[1] Guus Kroonen, “Reflections on the o/zero-Ablaut in the Germanic Iterative Verbs”, in The Indo-European Verb: Proceedings of the Conference of the Society for Indo-European Studies, Los Angeles, 13-15 September 2010, Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2012, pages wakona, 568

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wankōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 447

[1]

[2]