Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/werduz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Pre-Germanic *(H)wer-tú-s, which could be related to *waraz (“watchful, aware”), in which case the original sense was "attender"; the related Old Norse verðr (“meal”) would then have had an earlier meaning of "attendance." Or, possibly related to *werþaną (“to come about, happen”), with sense development "turn" > " participation".^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwer.duz/

Noun

*werduz m

host

Inflection

Declension of *werduz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*werduz	*wirdiwiz
vocative	*werdu	*wirdiwiz
accusative	*werdų	*werdunz
genitive	*werdauz	*wirdiwǫ̂
dative	*wirdiwi	*werdumaz
instrumental	*werdū	*werdumiz

Descendants

Old English: weard
- Middle English: ward
  - English: ward
Old Frisian: *werd (compare werda (“host”), werdskip (“feast”))
- North Frisian: weerd
- Saterland Frisian: Weerd
- West Frisian: weard
Old Saxon: werd, wird
- Middle Low German: wert
  - German Low German: Weert
  - Plautdietsch: Wieet
  - → Norwegian: vert
  - → Swedish: värd
  - → Danish: vært
  - → Elfdalian: werd
  - → Gutnish: värt
  - → Polabian: vart
Old Dutch: *wird
- Middle Dutch: wert, wāert
  - Dutch: waard
    - Afrikaans: waard
Old High German: *wirt
- Middle High German: wirt
  - Bavarian:
    Cimbrian: biart, birt
    
    Mòcheno: birt
  - German: Wirt
  - Luxembourgish: Wiert
Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌳𐌿𐍃 (wairdus)

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “werdu”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 579-80

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “werdu”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 579-80

[1]