Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/westraz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

PIE word
*wek(ʷ)speros

From Proto-Indo-European *wek(ʷ)speros (“evening, dusk”), with the -p- passing to -t- under the influence of the dentals in *austraz, *nurþraz, *sunþraz.^[1]^[2]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwes.trɑz/

Adjective

*westraz (comparative *westrōzô, superlative *westrōstaz)

west, western

Inflection

Declension of *westraz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*westraz	*westrō	*westrą, -atō	*westrai	*westrôz	*westrō
accusative	*westranǭ	*westrǭ	*westrą, -atō	*westranz	*westrōz	*westrō
genitive	*westras, -is	*westraizōz	*westras, -is	*westraizǫ̂	*westraizǫ̂	*westraizǫ̂
dative	*westrammai	*westraizōi	*westrammai	*westraimaz	*westraimaz	*westraimaz
instrumental	*westranō	*westraizō	*westranō	*westraimiz	*westraimiz	*westraimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*westrô	*westrǭ	*westrô	*westraniz	*westrōniz	*westrōnō
accusative	*westranų	*westrōnų	*westrô	*westranunz	*westrōnunz	*westrōnō
genitive	*westriniz	*westrōniz	*westriniz	*westranǫ̂	*westrōnǫ̂	*westranǫ̂
dative	*westrini	*westrōni	*westrini	*westrammaz	*westrōmaz	*westrammaz
instrumental	*westrinē	*westrōnē	*westrinē	*westrammiz	*westrōmiz	*westrammiz

Coordinate terms

compass points: ^[edit]

	*nurþraz
*westraz		*austraz
	*sunþraz

Derived terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *westr
- Old Saxon: westar
  - Middle Low German: wester
- Old High German: westar
  - Middle High German: wester

Adverb

*westraz (comparative *westrōz, superlative *westrōst)

west, westward

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *westr
- Old English: west, wæst
  - Middle English: west
    - English: west
    - Scots: wast
  - → Old French: west (see there for further descendants)
- Old Frisian: wester
- Old High German: westar
  - Middle Low German: wester
Old Norse: vestr
- Icelandic: vestur
- Faroese: vestur
- Norwegian:
  - Norwegian Bokmål: vest
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: vest
- Old Swedish: væster, væst
  - Swedish: väster, väst
- Old Danish: væster, væst
  - Danish: vest, vester

References

^ Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2012) “The Germanic reflexes of PIE *-sr- in the context of Verner's Law”, in The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics‎^[1], Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →DOI, →ISSN
^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*westera-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 582-3

[1] Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2012) “The Germanic reflexes of PIE *-sr- in the context of Verner's Law”, in The Sound of Indo-European: Phonetics, Phonemics, and Morphophonemics‎^[1], Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, →DOI, →ISSN

[2] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*westera-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 582-3

[1]

[2]