Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/widuz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁widʰ-u-s, and cognate with Proto-Celtic *widus (“wood, trees”), with both roots likely tracing further to Proto-Indo-European *h₁weydʰh₁- (“to separate, split, cleave, divide”) (whence Lithuanian vidùs (“middle, i.e. forested area between two habitations”)), with sense development "set apart, abandoned" > "desolate area like a forest" > "wood".^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwi.ðuz/

Noun

*widuz m

Inflection

Declension of *widuz (u-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*widuz	*widiwiz
vocative	*widu	*widiwiz
accusative	*widų	*widunz
genitive	*widauz	*widiwǫ̂
dative	*widiwi	*widumaz
instrumental	*widū	*widumiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *widu
- Old English: widu, wudu, weadu
  - Middle English: wode
    - Scots: wod, wuid
    - English: wood
- Old Saxon: widu, wido
  - Middle Low German: wēde
- Old Dutch: *widu
  - Middle Dutch: wēde
    - Dutch: wede, (in placenames) -wedde (e.g. Onstwedde)
- Old High German: witu
  - Middle High German: wite
Proto-Norse: *ᚹᛁᛞᚢᛉ (*widuʀ)
- Old Norse: viðr, vyðr
  - Icelandic: viður
  - Faroese: viður
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: ved, vid
  - Elfdalian: wið
  - Old Swedish: viþer, vedher
    - Swedish: ved
  - Old Danish: with
    - Danish: ved
      - Norwegian Bokmål: ved
→ Proto-Finnic: *viita
- Finnish: viita

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*widu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 585

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*widu-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 585

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