Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wulkną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Nominalized from Proto-Indo-European *wl̥g-nó-s, from *welg- (“wet, damp”) +‎ *-nós.^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈwulk.nɑ̃/

Noun

*wulkną n

cloud
Synonyms: *himinaz, *melhmô, *mihstaz, *skiwją, *skiwô

Inflection

Declension of *wulkną (neuter a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*wulkną	*wulknō
vocative	*wulkną	*wulknō
accusative	*wulkną	*wulknō
genitive	wulknas, wulknis	*wulknǫ̂
dative	*wulknai	*wulknamaz
instrumental	*wulknō	*wulknamiz

Alternative reconstructions

*wulkaną, *wulknaz

Related terms

*welkaz
*wulkô
Proto-West Germanic *wulku f (“cloud”)
- Saterland Frisian: Wulke
- Old Dutch: wulko
  - Middle Dutch: wolke (see there for further descendants)
- Old High German: wolka
  - Middle High German: wolke
    - Alemannic German: Wulche
    - German: Wolke
    - Luxembourgish: Wollek
    - Mòcheno: bolkh

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *wolkn
- Old English: wolcn, weolcen, wolc, wolcen
  - Middle English: welken (from plural wolcnu)
    - English: welkin
  - Scots: walk, wak (from wolc)
- Old Frisian: wolken, wulken, ulken
  - North Frisian: wolk
  - West Frisian: wolken, wolke, wolk
- Old Saxon: wolkan, wolcan
  - Middle Low German: wolken, wulken
- Old Dutch: uulcun, wulkon
  - Middle Dutch: wolken
- Old High German: wolkan, wolcan
  - Middle High German: wolken, wulken n or f or m
    - Bavarian: Woikn, Wolkn
    - Yiddish: וואָלקן (volkn⁩)

References

^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wulk(a)nan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 474

[1] Vladimir Orel (2003) “*wulk(a)nan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 474

[1]