Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰérǵʰus

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *bʰerǵʰ- (“rise up, ascend”) +‎ *-us (Caland system suffix).

Adjective

*bʰérǵʰus[1][2][3]

  1. high

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
masculine feminine
nominative *bʰérǵʰus *bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂
genitive *bʰr̥ǵʰéws *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *bʰérǵʰus *bʰérǵʰuh₁(e) *bʰérǵʰewes
vocative *bʰérǵʰu *bʰérǵʰuh₁(e) *bʰérǵʰewes
accusative *bʰérǵʰum *bʰérǵʰuh₁(e) *bʰérǵʰums
genitive *bʰr̥ǵʰéws *? *bʰr̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative *bʰr̥ǵʰéws *? *bʰr̥ǵʰúmos, *bʰr̥ǵʰúbʰos
dative *bʰr̥ǵʰéwey *? *bʰr̥ǵʰúmos, *bʰr̥ǵʰúbʰos
locative *bʰr̥ǵʰéw, *bʰr̥ǵʰéwi *? *bʰr̥ǵʰúsu
instrumental *bʰr̥ǵʰúh₁ *? *bʰr̥ǵʰúmis, *bʰr̥ǵʰúbʰis
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂ *bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) *bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂es
vocative *bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂ *bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) *bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂es
accusative *bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥ *bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂h₁(e) *bʰr̥ǵʰéwih₂m̥s
genitive *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s *? *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂oHom
ablative *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂s *? *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
dative *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂ey *? *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mos, *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰos
locative *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂, *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂i *? *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂su
instrumental *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂h₁ *? *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂mis, *bʰr̥ǵʰuyéh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *bʰérǵʰu *bʰérǵʰwih₁ *bʰérǵʰuh₂
vocative *bʰérǵʰu *bʰérǵʰwih₁ *bʰérǵʰuh₂
accusative *bʰérǵʰu *bʰérǵʰwih₁ *bʰérǵʰuh₂
genitive *bʰr̥ǵʰéws *? *bʰr̥ǵʰéwoHom
ablative *bʰr̥ǵʰéws *? *bʰr̥ǵʰúmos, *bʰr̥ǵʰúbʰos
dative *bʰr̥ǵʰéwey *? *bʰr̥ǵʰúmos, *bʰr̥ǵʰúbʰos
locative *bʰr̥ǵʰéw, *bʰr̥ǵʰéwi *? *bʰr̥ǵʰúsu
instrumental *bʰr̥ǵʰúh₁ *? *bʰr̥ǵʰúmis, *bʰr̥ǵʰúbʰis

Descendants

  • Proto-Anatolian:
  • Proto-Armenian: *barju[4]
  • Proto-Celtic: *bergus
    • Gaulish: *bergisamos, *bergimos (superlative forms[5])
      • → Latin: Bergimus (divine and personal name), Berisamus (place name)
    • ⇒ Celtiberian: berkuakum (gen. pl. m.) (suffixed with *-ākos)

References

  1. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008) “parkii̯e/a-ᶻⁱ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 736-737
  2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “bhereg̑h-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 140-141
  3. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*burg-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 85
  4. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “*barj-u”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 171
  5. ^ Prósper, Blanca María (2018) “The Indo-European Personal Names of Pannonia, Noricum and Northern Italy: Comparative and Superlative Forms in Celtic, Venetic, and South-Picene”, in Voprosy onomastiki, volume 15, number 2, →DOI, pages 108–138
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