Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʷewH-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

*gʷewH-^[1]

to defecate
Synonyms: *ǵʰed-, *kakka-, *kerd-

Alternative reconstructions

*gʷeh₁w-, *gʷh₁ew-, *gʷweh₁-^[2]
*gʷeh₃w-^[3]
*gʷweH-^[1]

Derived terms

*gʷuH-é-ti
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHáti
    - Sanskrit: गुवति (guváti, “to defecate”)

*gʷówH-dʰro-m^[3]
- Proto-Celtic: *bowdros (“filthy”)
  - Proto-Brythonic: *bʉdr (“filth”)
    - Middle Welsh: budyr
      - Welsh: budr
  - >? Middle Irish: búaidir
  - ⇒ Old Irish: búaidre (“confusion”)

*gʷowH-éh₂
- >? Proto-Balto-Slavic: *gawāˀ
  - Proto-Slavic: *govà
    - ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *govьno (“excrement”) (+ *-ьno) (see there for further descendants)
  - Proto-Slavic: *gaviti
    - Old East Slavic: огавити (ogaviti)
    - dialectal Russian: гаведь (gavedʹ), гаведный (gavednyj)
    - Slovene: gabiti se, ogaba, ogaben
    - Slovak: ohava (noun), ohavný (adjective)
- Proto-Celtic: *bowā (“filth, excrement”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷuH-nó-s
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHnás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *guHnás
    - Sanskrit: गून (gūná, “defecated”)
  - Proto-Iranian: *guHnáh^[4]
    - Khotanese: *gūṃ
      - ⇒ Khotanese: [script needed] (agūṃ, “unpolluted”)

*gʷuH-tHó-s^[5]^[6]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *guHtʰás (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)

*gʷuH-tó-s, *gʷweH-tó-s^[1]
- Proto-Armenian:
  - Old Armenian: կու (ku), կոյ (koy, “excrement”)
- Proto-Germanic: *kwādaz, *kwēdaz
  - Proto-West Germanic: *kwād (“excrement”) (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*gʷuhₓ-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pages 186-187
^ Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 227: “*gʷweh₁-”
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯ōu-, g^u̯ū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 484-485
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “agūṃ”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 1: “*gauna- or *guna-”
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “gūtha-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University: “g⁽ʷ⁾uH-tHo-”
^ Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 583: “PIE *g⁽ʷ⁾uH-tHo-”

[EIEC-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*gʷuhₓ-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, pages 186-187

[2] Zair, Nicholas (2012) The reflexes of the Proto-Indo-European laryngeals in Celtic, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 227: “*gʷweh₁-”

[IEW-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959) “g^u̯ōu-, g^u̯ū-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 484-485

[4] Bailey, H. W. (1979) “agūṃ”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 1: “*gauna- or *guna-”

[5] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “gūtha-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University: “g⁽ʷ⁾uH-tHo-”

[6] Sadovski, Velizar (2017–2018) “Chapter VI: Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Iranian, page 583: “PIE *g⁽ʷ⁾uH-tHo-”

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