Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂éngʷʰis

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Reconstruction

Aspiration of the final consonant of the stem is guaranteed by Old Irish and Armenian forms.

Noun

*h₂éngʷʰis m (oblique stem *h₂n̥gʷʰéy-)

snake

Inflection

Athematic, proterokinetic
	singular
nominative	*h₂éngʷʰis
genitive	*h₂n̥gʷʰéys
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*h₂éngʷʰis	*h₂éngʷʰih₁(e)	*h₂éngʷʰeyes
vocative	*h₂éngʷʰi	*h₂éngʷʰih₁(e)	*h₂éngʷʰeyes
accusative	*h₂éngʷʰim	*h₂éngʷʰih₁(e)	*h₂éngʷʰims
genitive	*h₂n̥gʷʰéys	*?	*h₂n̥gʷʰéyoHom
ablative	*h₂n̥gʷʰéys	*?	h₂n̥gʷʰímos, h₂n̥gʷʰíbʰos
dative	*h₂n̥gʷʰéyey	*?	h₂n̥gʷʰímos, h₂n̥gʷʰíbʰos
locative	h₂n̥gʷʰéy, h₂n̥gʷʰḗy	*?	*h₂n̥gʷʰísu
instrumental	*h₂n̥gʷʰíh₁	*?	h₂n̥gʷʰímis, h₂n̥gʷʰíbʰis

Synonyms

Descendants

Proto-Albanian: *ts-angulā
- Albanian: thnegël (“ant”)
Armenian:
- Old Armenian: աւձ (awj)
  - Armenian: օձ (ōj)
- (possibly) Armenian: անգի (angi, “thin, emaciated”)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ángis (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic:
- Old Irish: escong (“eel”)
  - Irish: eascann
  - Manx: astan
  - Scottish Gaelic: easgann
- Welsh: llysywen
Proto-Italic: *anɣʷis
- Latin: anguis
Proto-Germanic: *unkwiz or *unkwô (< *h₂n̥gʷʰ-)
- Old High German: unc
  - German: Unke
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hánǰʰiš
- Proto-Iranian: *Hánǰiš
  - Persian: یغنیج (yaġnij, “grass snake”) (archaic)

References

Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 530