Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/HáHtmā

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *h₁eh₁t-

Proto-Indo-European *-mō

Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁tmō

Proto-Indo-Iranian *HáHtmā

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁éh₁t-mō ~ *h₁h₁t-m̥nés (“breath, spirit”), from *h₁eh₁t- (“to breathe”) +‎ *-mō. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ēþmô (“breath”), Proto-Tocharian *āñcäme (“wish, self, soul”).

Noun

*HáHtmā ~ *Htmáns m^[1]^[2]^{[N 1]}

breath
soul, self

Inflection

This would be the paradigm inherited from Proto-Indo-European:

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*HáHtmā	*HáHtmānā(w)	*HáHtmānas
vocative	*HáHtman	*HáHtmānā(w)	*HáHtmānas
accusative	*HáHtmānam	*HáHtmānā(w)	*Htanás
instrumental	*HtanáH	*Htmabʰyā́(m)	*Htmabʰíš
ablative	*Htanás	*Htmabʰyā́(m)	*HtmabʰyáH
dative	*Htanáy	*Htmabʰyā́(m)	*HtmabʰyáH
genitive	*Htanás	*HtanHā́s	*HtanáHam
locative	*HáHtmani	*HtanHáw	*Htmasú

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HáHtmā ~ *Htmáns
- Vedic Sanskrit: त्मन् (tmán), (later) आत्मन् (ātmán) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Nuristani: *āmmána (“self”)
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: amú
    
    Kativiri: amú

Notes

^ The declension looks to have been contaminated by the neuter men-stem.

References

^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2015) “Suppletive Phenomena in Older Indo-Iranian Noun Inflection”, in Diachrony and Suppletion‎^[1], Prague: “*(H)áHtmān- ~ *(H)Htman- ‘breath’ > Ved. ātmā́n- ~ tmán- RV → ātmā́n- ~ ātmán”
^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ātmán-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[3] The declension looks to have been contaminated by the neuter men-stem.

[1] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2015) “Suppletive Phenomena in Older Indo-Iranian Noun Inflection”, in Diachrony and Suppletion‎^[1], Prague: “*(H)áHtmān- ~ *(H)Htman- ‘breath’ > Ved. ātmā́n- ~ tmán- RV → ātmā́n- ~ ātmán”

[2] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “ātmán-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[1]

[2]

[N 1]