Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hrawdʰás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *h₁rowdʰ-ó-s, from *h₁rewdʰ- (“red”) +‎ *-ós (deverbal suffix). Cognate with Proto-Celtic *roudos, Proto-Germanic *raudaz.

    Noun

    *Hrawdʰás m[1][2]

    1. red metal, copper, brass

    Declension

    masculine a-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *Hrawdʰás *Hrawdʰā́(w) *Hrawdʰā́s(as)
    vocative *Hráwdʰa *Hráwdʰā(w) *Hráwdʰās(as)
    accusative *Hrawdʰám *Hrawdʰā́(w) *Hrawdʰā́ns
    instrumental *HrawdʰáH *Hrawdʰáybʰyā(m) *Hrawdʰā́yš
    ablative *Hrawdʰā́t *Hrawdʰáybʰyā(m) *Hrawdʰáybʰyas
    dative *Hrawdʰā́y *Hrawdʰáybʰyā(m) *Hrawdʰáybʰyas
    genitive *Hrawdʰásya *Hrawdʰáyās *Hrawdʰā́naHam
    locative *Hrawdʰáy *Hrawdʰáyaw *Hrawdʰáyšu

    Descendants

    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hrawdʰás (“copper”)
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hrawdáh (“copper, brass”)
      • Baluchi: رود (rōd)
      • Parthian: 𐫡𐫇𐫔 (rōδ, “copper”)
      • Old Persian: [script needed] (*rauda)
        • Middle Persian:
          Manichaean Middle Persian: rwy (rôy, “copper, brass”)
          Pahlavi Middle Persian: lwd (rôy, “copper, brass”)
      • Sogdian: [script needed] (rwδ /⁠rōδ⁠/)

    References

    1. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
    2. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “lōhá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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