Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/Hyawdʰ-

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *Hyewdʰ- (“to move, to be agitated”).[1]

Root

*Hyawdʰ-

  1. to fight, to battle
  2. to struggle

Descendants

  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyawdʰ-
  • Proto-Iranian: *Hyawd-
    • Avestan: 𐬫𐬏𐬜- (yūδ-)
    • Persian: جستن (justan,jōy-, “to search, seek”)

Derived terms

  • *Hyáwdʰati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyáwdʰati
      • Sanskrit: योधति (yodhati)
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hyáwdati
      • Old Persian: [script needed] (yaudatīy)
  • *Hyúdʰyati
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyúdʰyati
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hyúdyati
      • Avestan: 𐬫𐬏𐬌𐬜𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (yūiδiieiti)
  • *Hyudʰyás
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyudʰyás
      • Sanskrit: युध्य (yudhyá)
        • Magadhi Prakrit:
        • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀚𑀼𑀚𑁆𑀛 (jujjha)
        • Sauraseni Prakrit:
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hyudyáh
      • Avestan: 𐬫𐬎𐬛𐬌𐬌𐬀 (yudiia)
  • *Hyudᶻdʰás (“fought”)
  • *Hyawdʰás (“warrior”)
    • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hyawdʰás
      • Sanskrit: योध (yodhá)
    • Proto-Iranian: *Hyawdáh
      • Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬁-𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬊𐬜𐬀 (aspā-iiaoδa, “horse warrior”)
  • Unsorted formations:
    • Iranian:
      • Khotanese: 𑀚𑀼𑀯𑁆- (juv-, “to fight”)
      • Parthian: yws- (“to battle”), ywd- (“to strive for”)

References

  1. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “yodh-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University
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