Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gā́wš

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gā́wš

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cow”).

Noun

*gā́wš m or f

cow

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gā́wš	*gā́wā(w)	*gā́was
vocative	*gáw	*gā́wā(w)	*gā́was
accusative	*gā́m	*gā́wā(w)	*gáwas
instrumental	*gáwaH	*gáwbʰyā(m)	*gáwbʰiš
ablative	*gáwas	*gáwbʰyā(m)	*gáwbʰyaH
dative	*gáway	*gáwbʰyā(m)	*gáwbʰyaH
genitive	*gáwas	*gáwHās	*gáwaHam
locative	*gáwi	*gáwHaw	*gáwšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gā́wṣ
- Sanskrit: गो (gó), *गाव (*gāva) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *gā́wš (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Nuristani: *gā́wā
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: gó
    
    Kativiri: gó
    - → Prasuni: gúṭu
- Southern Nuristani:
  - Ashkun: gá
  - Tregami: gá
  - Waigali: ga

References

Fortson, Benjamin W. (2010) Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell, page 203
Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2007) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 205ff