Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/gaHtʰás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *g⁽ʷ⁾eH-tHó-s, from *g⁽ʷ⁾eH- (“to sing, cry”) +‎ *-tHós. By surface analysis, *gaH- +‎ *-tʰás.

Noun

*gaHtʰás m

song

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gaHtʰás	*gaHtʰā́(w)	*gaHtʰā́s(as)
vocative	*gáHtʰa	*gáHtʰā(w)	*gáHtʰās(as)
accusative	*gaHtʰám	*gaHtʰā́(w)	*gaHtʰā́ns
instrumental	*gaHtʰáH	*gaHtʰáybʰyā(m)	*gaHtʰā́yš
ablative	*gaHtʰā́t	*gaHtʰáybʰyā(m)	*gaHtʰáybʰyas
dative	*gaHtʰā́y	*gaHtʰáybʰyā(m)	*gaHtʰáybʰyas
genitive	*gaHtʰásya	*gaHtʰáyās	*gaHtʰā́naHam
locative	*gaHtʰáy	*gaHtʰáyaw	*gaHtʰáyšu

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gaHtʰás
- Sanskrit: गाथ (gāthá)
Proto-Iranian: *gaHtáh
- Khotanese: [script needed] (gāha)

Derived terms

*gaHtʰaH f
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *gaHtʰaH
  - Sanskrit: गाथा (gā́thā)
    - Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀕𑀸𑀳𑀸 (gāhā)
    - Pali: gāthā
    - Sauraseni Prakrit:
      - Awadhi: गाहा (gāhā)
      - Old Gujarati: गाह (gāha)
- Proto-Iranian: *gaHθaH
  - Avestan: 𐬔𐬁𐬚𐬁 (gāθā)
    - → Parthian: (/⁠gāh⁠/, “Zoroasterian Text, Gatha”)
      Manichaean script: 𐫃𐫀𐫆 (gʾẖ)
    - → Middle Persian: (/⁠gāh⁠/, “Gatha, (Zoroastrian) hymns”)
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (gʾs)
      - Classical Persian: گاه (/⁠gāh⁠/, “hymn; melody”)
        Persian: گاه (/⁠gāh⁠/, “hymn; melody”) (as a compound, e.g. سه‌گاه (se-gâh, “(lit.) Three-Hymn, Segāh, a traditional Iranian mode of seven modes”), دستگاه (/⁠dast-gāh⁠/, “(lit.) hand-hymn, mode in the Iranian traditional music”))
        
        Tajik: гоҳ (goh)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “gāˊthā”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press