Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/kapáwtas

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

Likely borrowed from a Central Asiatic language.^[1]

Adjective

*kapáwtas

grey-blue

Noun

*kapáwtas m

pigeon, dove

Declension

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kapáwtas	*kapáwtā(w)	*kapáwtās(as)
vocative	*kapáwta	*kapáwtā(w)	*kapáwtās(as)
accusative	*kapáwtam	*kapáwtā(w)	*kapáwtāns
instrumental	*kapáwtaH	*kapáwtaybʰyā(m)	*kapáwtāyš
ablative	*kapáwtāt	*kapáwtaybʰyā(m)	*kapáwtaybʰyas
dative	*kapáwtāy	*kapáwtaybʰyā(m)	*kapáwtaybʰyas
genitive	*kapáwtasya	*kapáwtayās	*kapáwtānaHam
locative	*kapáwtay	*kapáwtayaw	*kapáwtayšu

Derived terms

*kapawtakás (“blue-grey”)
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kapawtakás
  - Sanskrit: कपोतक (kapotaká, “pigeon colored, lead-grey”)
    - Gandhari: 𐨐𐨬𐨆𐨡𐨒 (kavodaga)
- Proto-Iranian: *kapawtakáh
  - Old Persian: 𐎣𐎱𐎢𐎫𐎣 (k-p-u-t-k /⁠kapautaka⁠/)
  - → Old Armenian: կապուտակ (kaputak, “sky-blue”)

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *kapáwtas
- Sanskrit: कपोत (kapóta, “pigeon, dove”) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *kapáwtah (“blue; pigeon”)
- Khotanese: 𑀓𑀯𑀽𑀢 (kavūta)
- Sogdian: [script needed] (kpʾwt /⁠kapōt⁠/, “blue, blue-grey”)
- Baluchi: کپوت (kapōt, “pigeon”)
- Kurdish:
  Northern Kurdish: kevok (“pigeon”)
  
  Central Kurdish: کەوو (kewu), کەوگ (kewg, “blue”)
  
  Southern Kurdish: کەو (kew, “blue”)
  
  Laki: کاو (kaw, “blue”)
- Zaza-Gurani:
  - Gurani: کەۋە (kaʋa), کەۋێ (kaʋɛ, “blue”)
  - Zazaki: kewe (“blue”)
- Talysh: кафте (kafte)
- Old Persian: *kapautah (“pigeon; blue-grey”)
  - Middle Persian: [Book Pahlavi needed] (kpwt' /⁠kabōt⁠/)
    - Persian: کبود (kabôd)
    - ⇒ Middle Persian: (/⁠kabōtar⁠/, “pigeon”)
      - Manichaean script: 𐫐𐫁𐫇𐫤𐫡 (kbwtr)
      - Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (kpwtl)
        Persian: کبوتر (kabutar) (see there for further descendants)
- → Old Armenian: կապոյտ (kapoyt)

References

^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “kapóta-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[1] Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “kapóta-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University

[1]