Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/was

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wos. Compare Proto-Italic *wōs.

Pronoun

*was

enclitic genitive/dative plural of *túH (“you”)

Reconstruction notes

Dunkel additionally indicates this as enclitic accusative, while Kümmel and Lubotsky give that as *wās (with Old Avestan 𐬬𐬃 (vā̊) as descendant).

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *was
- Sanskrit: वस् (vas, enclitic acc./gen./dat.)
Proto-Iranian: *wah
- Avestan:
  Old Avestan: 𐬬𐬇 (və̄, enclitic gen./dat.)
  
  Younger Avestan: 𐬬𐬋 (vō, enclitic acc./gen./dat.)
- Khotanese: [script needed] (-i, enclitic 2pl. pronoun)
- Kurdish:
  - Northern Kurdish: we
  - Central Kurdish: ئێوە (êwe)
  - Southern Kurdish: ئیوە (îwe)

References

Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) “vas”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 565
Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017–2018) “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Indo-Iranian, page 1904
Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 856
Martínez García, Javier, de Vaan, Michiel (2014) Introduction to Avestan (Brill Introductions to Indo-European Languages; 1)‎^[1], Brill, →ISBN, page 71