Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/HabigaHwáyati

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From *Habi- +‎ *gaHwáyati (“to increase”), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gaHwáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷoh₁w-éye-ti, from *gʷeh₁w- (“to increase”) +‎ *-éyeti.

Verb

*HabigaHwáyati

to cause to increase, multiply

Alternative reconstructions

*Habigāwáyati^[1]^[2]^[3], *Habiǰāwáyati^{[notes 1]}^[4]

Reconstruction notes

^ Either built as a secondary causative to *Habiǰáwti (“to increase, add”), or contaminated by it.

Descendants

Northeastern Iranian:
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Khwarezmian: [script needed] (βɣʾwy, 3sg.impv.), [script needed] (mβɣʾwyd, “to multiply, increase”, 3sg.impf.)
  - >? Bactrian: αβζιιαμo (abziiamo, 1pl.subj.), αβζιιενδδηιo (abziienddēio, 3pl.opt.), αβζιιηιo (abziiēio, “to continue”, 1sg.opt.)
  - Sogdian: (“to increase”)
    Manichaean script: 𐫂𐫋𐫀𐫇 (βjʾw /⁠β(ə)žāw⁠/, 2sg.impv.act.) (< 2sg.impv.act. *HabiǰáHw)
    
    Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼱𐼵𐼰𐼴𐽂 (ʾβzʾwt /⁠(ə)βžāwt⁠/), 𐼱𐼵𐼰𐼴𐽂 (βzʾwt /⁠β(ə)žāwt⁠/, 3sg.pres.act.)
    
    Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (βz’w /⁠β(ə)žāw⁠/, 2sg.impv.act.)
    - ⇒? Sogdian: (“to be increased; to grow”)^[5] (or from [script needed] (ʾzw-, “to live”)^[6])
      Manichaean script: 𐫁𐫋𐫏𐫎𐫘𐫐𐫇𐫗 (bjyṯskwn, pres.dur.)
      
      Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼱𐼵𐼰𐼷𐽂 (ʾβzʾyt /⁠(ə)βžayt⁠/)^[7]
Northwestern Iranian:
- Parthian: 𐫀𐫁𐫃𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫅 (ʾbgʾwynd /⁠aβɣāwēnd⁠/, 3pl.pres.ind.), 𐫀𐫁𐫃𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫅 (ʾbgʾwyd /⁠aβɣāwēd⁠/, 2pl.impf.)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Old Persian: 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎹𐎩𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎶 (a-b-i-y-j-a-v-y-m /⁠abiyajāvayam⁠/), 𐎠𐎲𐎡𐎩𐎠𐎺𐎹𐎶 (a-b-i-j-a-v-y-m /⁠abījāvayam⁠/, “to add”, 1sg.impf.act.)^[8]
  - Middle Persian: 𐫀𐫁𐫉𐫀𐫏𐫅 (ʾbzʾyd), 𐫀𐫁𐫉𐫀𐫏𐫏𐫅 (ʾbzʾyyd /⁠abzāyēd⁠/)

References

^ Henning, W. B. (1971) “(’)βɣ’wy-”, in MacKenzie, D. N., editor, A Fragment of a Khwarezmian Dictionary (Tehran University. Publication no. 1317), London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN, page 47: “*abi-gāwaya-”
^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*⁴gau- : gu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 226-228: “*abi-gāu̯ai̯a-”
^ Hassandoust, Mohammad (2002/2003) “افزودن”, in Bahman Sarkarati, editor, Farhang-e riše-šenâxti-ye zabân-e Farsi [An Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language] (in Persian), volume I: Â-B, Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature, →ISBN, pages 107-108: “*abi-gāvaya-”
^ Gharib, B. (1995) “’βz’w-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 23: “*abi-žāwaya-”
^ Gershevitch, I. (1954) A Grammar of Manichean Sogdian, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, page 29, §187: "Passive to abi-žāwaya-"
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*ǰaiH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222
^ Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾβzʾy-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 23: “(ə)βžay; *abi-žawya-”
^ Kent, Roland G. (1950) Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 185

[4] Either built as a secondary causative to *Habiǰáwti (“to increase, add”), or contaminated by it.

[1] Henning, W. B. (1971) “(’)βɣ’wy-”, in MacKenzie, D. N., editor, A Fragment of a Khwarezmian Dictionary (Tehran University. Publication no. 1317), London: Lund Humphries, →ISBN, page 47: “*abi-gāwaya-”

[2] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*⁴gau- : gu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 226-228: “*abi-gāu̯ai̯a-”

[FRZF-3] Hassandoust, Mohammad (2002/2003) “افزودن”, in Bahman Sarkarati, editor, Farhang-e riše-šenâxti-ye zabân-e Farsi [An Etymological Dictionary of the Persian Language] (in Persian), volume I: Â-B, Tehran: Academy of Persian Language and Literature, →ISBN, pages 107-108: “*abi-gāvaya-”

[5] Gharib, B. (1995) “’βz’w-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 23: “*abi-žāwaya-”

[6] Gershevitch, I. (1954) A Grammar of Manichean Sogdian, Oxford: Basil Blackwell, page 29, §187: "Passive to abi-žāwaya-"

[7] Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*ǰaiH¹”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 222

[8] Gharib, B. (1995) “ʾβzʾy-”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page 23: “(ə)βžay; *abi-žawya-”

[9] Kent, Roland G. (1950) Old Persian: grammar, texts, lexicon, New Haven: American Oriental Society, page 185

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[2]

[3]

[notes 1]

[4]

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