Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/arpacyaH

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Alternative reconstructions

*r̥pasyaH,^[1] *arpasyaH,^[2]^[1], *arbasyaH^[3] *arpucyaH^[4]
*arbasaH,^[5] *arbusaH^[6]
*frapušyáH^[2]

Etymology

Uncertain; possibly from *Hr̥pā́š ~ *Hr̥pacáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hr̥pā́ćš ~ *Hr̥paćás, from *Hr̥pás +‎ *-ā́ćš (plant and animal suffix), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élbʰ-s ~ *h₂l̥bʰ-és.

Alternatively from *fra- +‎ *pušyáti (“to prosper, thrive, flower”) +‎ *-aH, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *pušyáti (whence Sanskrit पुष्यति (puṣyáti)), from Proto-Indo-European *pus-yé-ti, from *pews- (“to multiply, prosper”) +‎ *-yéti.^[2]

Noun

*arpacyaH f

barley

Inflection

aH-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*arpacyaH	*arpacyay	*arpacyāh
vocative	*arpacyay	*arpacyay	*arpacyāh
accusative	*arpacyām	*arpacyay	*arpacyāh
instrumental	*arpacyaH, -ayaH	*arpacyaHbʰyā(m)	*arpacyaHbʰiš
ablative	*arpacyayaHh	*arpacyaHbʰyā(m)	*arpacyaHbʰyah
dative	*arpacyayaHi	*arpacyaHbʰyā(m)	*arpacyaHbʰyah
genitive	*arpacyayaHh	*arpacyayHāh	*arpacyaHnaHam
locative	*arpacyayaH	*arpacyayHaw	*arpacyaHhu

Descendants

Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto:
  - Pashto: f
    Afridi: وربشه (wurbə́ša), وربشې (warbaše)
    
    Pashto: اربشه (urbə́ša), اوربشه (orbə́ša), اوربوشه (orbúša)
    
    Waziri: ریبشي (rebəše) (possibly influenced by رېبل (rebə́l, “to reap”)^[2]), ایربشې (ērbəše)
  - Waneci: وربسه sg (urbusa), اربشي (arbaši), اربسي (arbusi), اربسي (arbəsi), اړباسې pl (arbəse)
    - → Wakhi: اربشی (arbəsi)
- Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
  - Ishkashimi: [script needed] (úrvəs), [script needed] (wurwəs), [script needed] (urwus)
  - Sanglechi: [script needed] (vərvəs), [script needed] (vərvēs)
- Yidgha: یارشیو (yɛršio)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1
^{The template Template:R:ira:IIFL does not use the parameter(s): entry=vər'vēs
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 417
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Morgenstierne, Georg (1927) An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo; 3), Oslo: J. Dybwad
^ Dybo, Anna (2014) “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica‎^[1], volume 2, page 9
^ Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017) “Agricultural terms in Indo-Iranian”, in Language Dispersal Beyond Farming‎^[2], Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company
^ Bailey, H. W. (1979) “rrusā-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 367b
^ Witzel, Michael (2009) “The linguistic history of some Indian domestic plants”, in Journal of BioSciences, volume 34, number 6, Indian Academy of Sciences, page 7

[IIFL-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^{The template Template:R:ira:IIFL does not use the parameter(s): entry=vər'vēs
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.}Morgenstierne, Georg (1938) Iranian Pamir Languages (Indo-Iranian Frontier Languages), volume II, Oslo: Instituttet for Sammenlignende Kulturforskning; H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard), page 417

[EVP-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Morgenstierne, Georg (1927) An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo; 3), Oslo: J. Dybwad

[Dybo-3] Dybo, Anna (2014) “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica‎^[1], volume 2, page 9

[Kummel-4] Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017) “Agricultural terms in Indo-Iranian”, in Language Dispersal Beyond Farming‎^[2], Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company

[5] Bailey, H. W. (1979) “rrusā-”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 367b

[6] Witzel, Michael (2009) “The linguistic history of some Indian domestic plants”, in Journal of BioSciences, volume 34, number 6, Indian Academy of Sciences, page 7

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