Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/dáca

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Proto-Iranian cardinal numbers
 <  9 10 11  > 
    Cardinal : *dáca

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *dáća, from Proto-Indo-European *déḱm̥.

Numeral

*dáca[1][2][3]

  1. ten

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan:
      Old Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬯𐬁 (dasā)
      Younger Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬯𐬀 (dasa)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian:
      • Old Ossetic: *δas[4]
      • Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *dasa, *dasakam
        • Proto-Saka:
          • Khotanese: [script needed] (dasau), [script needed] (daso)
          • Tumshuqese: [script needed] (dase)
        • Wakhi: δas
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: λασο (laso /⁠las⁠/)
      • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (δy̆s)
      • Proto-Sogdic: [Term?] (*dasa)[4]
        • Sogdian: (/⁠δəs/, /δəsá⁠/)
          Manichaean script: 𐫔𐫘 (δs), 𐫔𐫘𐫀 (δsʾ)
          Sogdian script: 𐼹𐼼 (δs), 𐼹𐼼𐼰 (δsʾ), 𐼹𐼼𐼳 (δsh)
          Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (dsʾ)
        • Yagnobi: дас (das)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Ormuri-Parachi:
    • Proto-Pathan: *δas[5]
      • Pashto: لس (las, lës)
      • Waneci: [script needed] (las)
    • Proto-Sanglechi-Ishkashimi:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (das), [script needed] (dos)
      • Sanglechi: [script needed] (dō̌s)
    • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji:
      • Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
        • Munji: [script needed] (dā̌)
        • Yidgha: [script needed] (los)
        • Zebaki: [Term?] (dōs)
      • Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami:
        • Proto-Shughni-Roshani:
          • Sarikoli: δes
          • Shughni: д̌ӣс (δīs), (Bartangi, Oroshori) д̌ус (δus), (Khufi, Roshani) д̌oс (δos)
        • Yazghulami: д̌йс (δys)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Caspian:
      • Gilaki: دأ (da), دأه (dah), ده (da, dah)
      • Mazanderani-Shahmirzadi:
        • Mazanderani: ده (da)
        • Shahmirzadi: دس (das)
    • Proto-Komisenian:
      • Lasgerdi: دس (das)
      • Sangisari: دس (das)
      • Sorkhei: دس (dȧs)
    • Parthian: 𐫅𐫘 (ds /⁠das⁠/)
    • Semnani:
      Biyabanaki: داس (dās)
      Semnani: دس (das)
    • Zaza-Gorani:
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Southwestern Fars: ده (däh) (Burenjani, Papuni, Somghani), [script needed] (dā) (Masarmi)
    • Larestani: ده (dah)
    • Southern Luri: داه (dāh) (Mamasani)
    • Old Persian: *daθa
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠dah⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫍 (dh)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ASLYA)
        • Bakhtiari: [script needed] (dāh)
        • Classical Persian: ده (dah)
          Iranian Persian: ده (dah)
          Tajik: даҳ (dah)
          Tat: [script needed] (däh)
        • → Baluchi: [script needed] (dah), دہ (da)
        • Kurdish:
          → Northern Kurdish: deh
          → Central Kurdish: دە (de)
          → Southern Kurdish: دە (de)
          → Laki: دە (de)
        • → Middle Median: *dāh
          • Kermanic:
            Farizandi, Yarandi: dāh
            Kesehi, Mahallati, Qohrudi: deh
            Khunsari: dē
            Nayini: däh
            Vonishuni: de
            Zefrehi: dih
          • Sivandi: da
          • Tatic:
            • Talysh: [script needed] (da)
            • Tati:
              Southern Tati: da, dah
  • → Proto-Permic: *das (see there for further descendants)
  • → Hungarian: tíz

References

  1. ^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)‎[1], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley, page 13
  2. ^ Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)‎[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, pages 169-170
  3. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*daśa-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 375-378
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2016) Einführung ins Ostmitteliranische [Introduction to East-Central Iranian]‎[3] (in German), Jena: Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena
  5. ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎[4], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN
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