Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/daywáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *daywás (“god”).

    Noun

    *daywáh m

    1. demon; malevolent being

    Inflection

    masculine a-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *daywáh *daywā́(w) *daywā́h(ah)
    vocative *dáywa *dáywā(w) *dáywāh(ah)
    accusative *daywám *daywā́(w) *daywā́nh
    instrumental *daywáH *daywáybʰyā(m) *daywā́yš
    ablative *daywā́t *daywáybʰyā(m) *daywáybʰyah
    dative *daywā́y *daywáybʰyā(m) *daywáybʰyah
    genitive *daywáhya *daywáyāh *daywā́naHam
    locative *daywáy *daywáyaw *daywáyšu

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Central Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬎𐬎𐬀 (daēuua)
    • Northeastern Iranian:
      • Proto-Scythian:
        • Khotanese: [script needed] (dyū, “demon”)
        • Ossetian: [Term?] (“wizard, demon”)
          Digor Ossetian: ӕвдеу (ævdew)
          Iron Ossetian: ӕвдиу (ævdiw)
      • Sogdian: [Term?] (“demon; unreliable person; liar”)
        Sogdian script: 𐼹𐼷𐼴 (δyw /⁠δēw⁠/),
        Manichaean script: 𐫔𐫏𐫇 (δyw /⁠δēw⁠/),
        Syriac script: ܕܝܘ (dyw /⁠δēw⁠/)
        • → Persian: لیوه (live, “unreliable, lier person”)
    • Southeastern Iranian:
      • Ishkashimi: [script needed] (lew, “a night-mare, a night-spectre that eats people”)
      • Pashto: دېو (dew) (perhaps borrowed from Persian), دېب (deb)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Baluchi: دیو (dêw)
      • Kurdish:
        Central Kurdish: دێو (dêw)
        Northern Kurdish: dêw
        Southern Kurdish: دێو (dêw)
        Laki: دێڤ (dêv)
      • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *daywə́h
        • Caspian:
          • Old Mazanderani: دیب (dēb, “demon”)
          • Gilaki: یوها (yuhā, “demon”) (perhaps)
        • Parthian:
          Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫏𐫇 (dyw /⁠dēw⁠/, “demon”)
          • → Aghwan: 𐔳𐔴𐕡 (dew), 𐔳𐔴𐕛 (dev)
          • → Old Armenian: դև (dew)
          • → Old Georgian: დევი (devi)
          • ⇒ Parthian:
            Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫏𐫇𐫃 (dywg /⁠dēwag⁠/, “insect; worm, vermin”)
            • → Persian: دیوک (divak, “worm; insect; bug; toxic mushroom”), دیوه (dīve, “silk worm”)
        • Old Tati:
          Old Azari: دیو (dēw)
          • Karingani: dēv
          • Harzani: dev
        • Zazaki: dêw, dêb, dyêb
    • Southwestern Iranian:
      • Old Persian: 𐎭𐎡𐎺 (d-i-v /⁠daivaʰ⁠/)
        • Middle Persian:
          Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫏𐫇 (dyw /⁠dēw⁠/, “evil spirit, demon”)
          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ŠDYA /⁠dēw⁠/, “evil spirit, demon”)
          • Classical Persian: دیوْ (dēw)
          • ⇒ Middle Persian:
            Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (dywwk' /⁠dēwōg⁠/, “leech”)
            • Classical Persian:
              • Iranian Persian: دیوک (divok, divak, “leech”)
        • → Aramaic: דיוא (daywā)
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