Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/háwHmah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *sáwHmas.

Noun

*háwHmah m^[1]

haoma plant (Ephedra spp.)
haoma plant extract, parahaoma
plant hypostasic divinity of the haoma plant, Haoma

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*háwHmah	*háwHmā(w)	*háwHmāh(ah)
vocative	*háwHma	*háwHmā(w)	*háwHmāh(ah)
accusative	*háwHmam	*háwHmā(w)	*háwHmānh
instrumental	*háwHmaH	*háwHmaybʰyā(m)	*háwHmāyš
ablative	*háwHmāt	*háwHmaybʰyā(m)	*háwHmaybʰyah
dative	*háwHmāy	*háwHmaybʰyā(m)	*háwHmaybʰyah
genitive	*háwHmahya	*háwHmayāh	*háwHmānaHam
locative	*háwHmay	*háwHmayaw	*háwHmayšu

Related terms

*háwHmā m^[2]
- Munji: [script needed] (yūmana)
- Pashto: اومان (umān), ومان (vumā́n)
- Semnani: [script needed] (umān), [script needed] (wumān)
- Shughni: amōǰak (“ephedra, conifer”)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬵𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬀 (haoma)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *hū́mā
  - ⇒ Proto-Scythian: *hū́māki
    - Wakhi: yimыk, imыk
  - ⇒ Proto-Scythian: *hū́mawargi
    - ⇒ Proto-Saka-Wakhi: *húmūrgi
      - → Akkadian: 𒅇𒈬𒌨𒂵 (ú-mu-ur-ga /⁠umūrga⁠/)
      - → Ancient Greek: Αμύργιοι (Amúrgioi)
    - → Old Persian: 𐏃𐎢𐎶𐎺𐎼𐎥 (h-u-m-v-r-g /⁠haumavargaʰ⁠/, “Scythian tribe name”, literally “haoma-laying”) (perhaps)
      - → Elamite: 𒌋𒈬𒈥𒋡 (u-mu-mar-qa /⁠Umumarqa⁠/)
- Sogdian: 𐼲𐼴𐼺 (ɣwm)
  - → Persian: خوم (xwm)
  - → Tajik:
    Zarafshani: хума (xuma), хома (xoma)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Pashto: اومه (umə́)
- Munji: [script needed] (yūmə́ɣə), [script needed] (yūmə́gə, “flax”)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: [script needed] (hom), [script needed] (ōma), هومک (hómmuk)
- Semnani: [script needed] (ama), [script needed] (omə)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Middle Persian:
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hwm /⁠hōm⁠/)
  - Classical Persian: هوم (hōm)
    - Iranian Persian: هوم (howm, “ephedra; syrup made from ephedra”)

References

^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*²hau- : hu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 378-380
^ Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) “yimыk, imыk”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, pages 424-435

[ESIJa-1] Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*²hau- : hu-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 378-380

[2] Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) “yimыk, imыk”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, pages 424-435

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