Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/mádu

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *mádʰu, from Proto-Indo-European *médʰu.

Noun

*mádu n[1]

  1. honey
  2. wine

Inflection

neuter u-stem
singular dual plural
nominative *mádu *mádwiH *máduH
vocative *mádu *mádwiH *máduH
accusative *mádu *mádwiH *máduH
instrumental *máduH *mádubʰyā(m) *mádubʰiš
ablative *mádwah *mádubʰyā(m) *mádubʰyah
dative *mádaway *mádubʰyā(m) *mádubʰyah
genitive *mádwah *máduwāh *máduHnaHam
locative *mádāw *máduwaw *mádušu

Derived terms

  • *mādawyaH (possibly)[2][3]
    • Pashto:
      Waziri: مېلوه (melawá), ملوه (malwá, “vine, grape”)

Descendants

  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬎 (maδu, “wine”)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Proto-Scythian: *maδu
      • Khotanese: [script needed] (mau, “intoxicent drink”)
      • Proto-Sarmatian: *mauδ
        • Alanic: *mud[4]
          • Ossetian: (“honey”)
            Digor Ossetian: муд (mud)
            Iron Ossetian: мыд (myd)
    • Sogdo-Bactrian:
      • Bactrian: μολο (molo /⁠mol, mul⁠/, “wine”)
      • Sogdian: (“wine”)
        Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫔𐫇 (mδw /⁠maδu⁠/)
        Sogdian script: 𐼺𐼹𐼴 (mδw /⁠maδu⁠/), 𐼺𐼴𐼹 (mwδ /⁠muδ⁠/), 𐼲𐼰𐼺𐽀𐼳 (ΓʾMRH)
        Old Sogdian script: 𐼍𐼌𐼇 (mδw /⁠maδu⁠/)
        Syriac script: ܡܕܘ (mdw)
        • → Classical Persian: مل (mul, “wine”) (reborrowing[5][3])
        • ⇒ Sogdian:
          Sogdian script: 𐼺𐼹𐼰𐼸 (mδʾk /⁠maδē⁠/)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: mot, motî, motik (“grape syrup”)
    • Proto-Medo-Parthian:
      • Proto-Tatic:
        • Talysh: (/⁠mad⁠/, “wine”)
          Arabic script: مد
          Latin script: məd
        • Old Tati: *maδ, *mad (“syrup; wine”)[6]
          • Harzani: مت (mat, “thick syrup; molasses”)
          • Karingani: مات (māt, “syrup”)
          • ⇒? Old Tati: *maδāw (“grape syrup-water”) (+ *āw (“water”))[6]
            • → Azerbaijani: مذو (maδow, “grape syrup with water”) (Urmia dialect)
      • Parthian:
        Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫏 (my /⁠may⁠/)
        Inscriptional Parthian script: 𐭇𐭌𐭓 (ḤMR /⁠maδ⁠/)
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Old Persian: *madu
      • Middle Persian: (/⁠may⁠/)
        Manichaean script: 𐫖𐫏 (my)
        Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (HS), [Book Pahlavi needed] (mdy)
        Inscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭮 (HS)
        • Classical Persian: می (may, “wine”)
          • Dari: می (may)
          • Iranian Persian: می (mey)
          • Tajik: май (may)
          • → Azerbaijani:
            Arabic script: مئی (mey)
            Latin script: mey
          • Kurdish:
            → Central Kurdish: مەی (mey)
            → Northern Kurdish: mey
          • → Pashto: می (may)
          • → Ottoman Turkish: می (may),
          • → Urdu: مے (mai)
          • → Uzbek: may

References

  1. ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger, editor (1989), Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum‎[1], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 460
  2. ^ Morgenstierne, Georg (1927) An Etymological Vocabulary of Pashto (Skrifter utgitt av det Norske Videnskapsakademi i Oslo; 3), Oslo: J. Dybwad, page 44
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Bailey, H. W. (1979) “mau”, in Dictionary of Khotan Saka, Cambridge, London, New York, Melbourne: Cambridge University press, page 340
  4. ^ Kim, Ronald I. (2007) “Two problems of Ossetic nominal morphology”, in Journal of Indo-European Studies and Historical Linguistics‎[2], volume 112, →DOI, →ISSN, page 48
  5. ^ Gharib, B. (1995) “Proto-Iranian/mádu”, in Sogdian dictionary: Sogdian–Persian–English, Tehran: Farhangan Publications, page xxxv
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Zakâ, Yahyâ (2018) Jastâr-hâ'i darbâre-ye zabân-e mardom-e Âzarbâyjân [Essays on the language of the Azerbaijani people] (Majmu'ah-i intešârât adabi va târixi, mawqufât-i Duktur Mahmud Afšâr Yazdi; 64), Tehran: Intishârât-i Duktur Mahmud Afšâr, →ISBN, page 154
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