Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/xšáfš

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

PIE word
*kʷséps

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáps.

Noun

*xšáfš f

night

Inflection

consonant stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*xšáfš	*xšápā(w)	*xšápah
vocative	*xšáp	*xšápā(w)	*xšápah
accusative	*xšápam	*xšápā(w)	*xšapáh
instrumental	*xšapáH	*xšabbʰyā́(m)	*xšabbʰíš
ablative	*xšapáh	*xšabbʰyā́(m)	*xšabbʰyáH
dative	*xšapáy	*xšabbʰyā́(m)	*xšabbʰyáH
genitive	*xšapáh	*xšafHā́h	*xšapáHam
locative	*xšápi	*xšafHáw	*xšafšú

Derived terms

*xšápīkah (“of night; night shirt”)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: شەوی (şewî)
  
  Southern Kurdish: شەۊ (şeẅ, “shirt”)
- Middle Persian: (“undershirt”)
  Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (špyk' /⁠šabīg⁠/)
  - Classical Persian: شبی (šabī, “nightshirt”)
  - Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: şepik (šapīk)
  - → Old Armenian: շապիկ (šapik, “shirt”)
    - Armenian: շապիկ (šapik, “shirt”)
      - Kurdish:
        → Northern Kurdish: şapik (šāpīk)

Descendants

Central Iranian:
- Avestan: 𐬑𐬴𐬀𐬞 (xṣ̌ap)
Northeastern Iranian:
- Proto-Scythian: *xšapā
  - Proto-Sarmatian: *xsaβa
    - Alanic: *æxsævæ
      - Ossetian:
        Iron Ossetian: ӕхсӕвӕ (æxsævæ)
        Digor Ossetian: ӕхсӕв (æxsæv)
  - Proto-Saka-Wakhi:
    - Khotanese: [script needed] (ṣṣavā)
    - Wakhi: šāp
- Sogdo-Bactrian:
  - Bactrian: χαβ (khab /⁠xav⁠/)
  - Khwarezmian: 𐾰𐾹𐾺𐾲 (ʾxyβ), 𐾹𐾲 (xβ)
  - Proto-Sogdic: *xšápā
    - Sogdian: (/⁠ᵊxšəpá⁠/)
      Manichaean script: 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫛𐫀 (ʾxšpʾ), 𐫀𐫟𐫢𐫛𐫀𐫍 (ʾxšpʾh), 𐫟𐫢𐫛𐫀 (xšpʾ)
      
      Sogdian script: 𐼰𐼲𐽁𐼾𐼳 (ʾɣšph)
      
      Old Sogdian script: 𐼀𐼄𐼙𐼔𐼆 (ʾɣšph)
      
      Syriac script: [Syriac needed] (xšpʾ)
    - Yagnobi: хишап (xⁱšáp)
Southeastern Iranian:
- Ormuri:
  Kaniguram: [script needed] (x̌o)
  
  Logar: [script needed] (šyo), [script needed] (šyu)
- Proto-Pathan: *špa
  - Pashto: شپه (špa)
  - Waneci: شپه (špa)
- Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami-Munji: *xšǣbǣ
  - Proto-Munji-Yidgha:
    - Munji: خشوه (xšava)
    - Yidgha: خشوو (xᵊšovo, xᵊšōvo)
  - Proto-Shughni-Yazghulami: *ṣ̌ǣb
    - Proto-Shughni-Roshani: *x̌öb
      - Shughni: х̌а̄б (x̌āb)
      - Sarikoli: x̌ob
    - Yazghulami: шāб (šāb)
Northwestern Iranian:
- Baluchi: شپ (šap)
- Kurdish:
  Central Kurdish: شەو (şew)
  
  Northern Kurdish: şev
  
  Southern Kurdish: شەو (şew)
  
  Laki: شو (šiw)
- Proto-Medo-Parthian: *xšápā
  - Caspian:
    - Gilaki: شب (šəb)
    - Old Mazanderani: شو (šaw ~ šu)
      - Mazanderani: شو (šo)
  - Komisenian:
    - Sangisari: شو (šow)
  - Old Median: *xšápā
    - Middle Median: *šáb
      - Kermanic:
        Abyanehi, Abuzeydabadi, Mahallati, Naraqi, Qalhari, Qohrudi: سوو (sōw)
        
        Badrudi, Farizandi, Hanjani: سو (sow)
        
        Kesehi: شو (šev)
        
        Jowshaqani, Komjani, Tarehi, Yarandi: شاو (sāv)
        
        Meymehi: شو (sō)
      - Proto-Tatic:
        Old Azari: شو (šaw)
        Harzani: شو (šav)
        
        Karingani: شو (šav)
        
        Talysh: (/⁠šav⁠/)
        Arabic script: شو
        
        Latin script: şəv
        
        Cyrillic script: шəв
  - Parthian: (/⁠šab⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫁 (šb)
  - Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
    - Gurani: شه‌وه (šawa)
    - Zazaki: şewe (šawa)
Southwestern Iranian:
- Bashkardi:
  Bandari: [script needed] (šü)
- Kumzari: [script needed] (šaw)
- Larestani: [script needed] (šow/šaw)
- Old Persian: 𐎧𐏁𐎱 (x-š-p /⁠xšapa⁠/)
  - Middle Persian: (/⁠šab⁠/)
    Manichaean script: 𐫢𐫁 (šb)
    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (LYLYA), [Book Pahlavi needed] (šp)
    Psalter Pahlavi script: [Psalter Pahlavi needed] (LYLYA)
    Pazend script: 𐬱𐬀𐬬 (šav)
    - Classical Persian: شب (šab)
      Dari: شب (šab)
      Iranian Persian: شب (šab)
      Tajik: шаб (šab)
      Tat: [script needed] (šøÿ)
    - Lurish:
      Northern Luri: شۉ (šow)
      - Silakhori: شۋ (šü)
      Bakhtiari: شۉ (šaw)
      Southern Luri: شۉ (šow)