Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/apros

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

Similar words across European languages include Proto-Germanic *eburaz (“boar”), Proto-Slavic *veprь (“boar”), and Latvian vepris (“castrated boar”). Given that these words cannot be related by regular sound correspondences, they are probably borrowed from a lost, unknown substrate language.^[1]

The *a instead of *e in the Italic word possibly arose under the influence of *kapros (“goat”).

Noun

*apros m^[2]^[3]

wild boar

Declension

Declension of *apros (o-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*apros	*aprōs, aproi
vocative	*apre	*aprōs, aproi
accusative	*aprom	*aprons
genitive	*aprosjo, aprī	*aprom
dative	*aprōi	*aprois
ablative	*aprōd	*aprois
locative	*aprei	*aprois

Derived terms

*aprō

Descendants

Latin: aper
- Sardinian: apru
- Italian: apro
Umbrian: 𐌀𐌐𐌓𐌖𐌚 (apruf, acc. pl.), abrof (acc. pl.), abrons (acc. pl), 𐌀𐌁𐌓𐌖𐌍𐌖 (abrunu)
⇒ Marsian: Aprufclano^[4]

References

^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ebura-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 114
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “aper”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46
^ Untermann, Jürgen (2000) “U. abrof”, in Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen [Dictionary of Oscan-Umbrian] (Handbuch der italischen Dialekte; 3), Heidelberg: Winter, →ISBN, page 45
^ Blanca María Prósper (1 January 2025) Of boars and men: the Latin inscription of the Fucine Lake and a note on the Oscan Tavola d’Agnone‎^[2]

[1] Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*ebura-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 114

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “aper”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46

[3] Untermann, Jürgen (2000) “U. abrof”, in Wörterbuch des Oskisch-Umbrischen [Dictionary of Oscan-Umbrian] (Handbuch der italischen Dialekte; 3), Heidelberg: Winter, →ISBN, page 45

[4] Blanca María Prósper (1 January 2025) Of boars and men: the Latin inscription of the Fucine Lake and a note on the Oscan Tavola d’Agnone‎^[2]

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