Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/kʷatjō

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *skuh₁t-yé-ti, a *-yéti present from the root *(s)kweh₁t-. The *-a- is by analogy to *fakjō.^[1] De Vaan does not reconstruct the laryngeal in this root,^[2] but LIV does.

Verb

*kʷatjō

to shake

Conjugation

Inflection of *kʷatjō (third conjugation jō-variant)
Present	*kʷatjō
Perfect	—
Aorist	*kʷētom
Past participle	*kʷassos
Present indicative	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*kʷatjō	*kʷatjōr
2nd sing.	*kʷatis	*kʷatizo
3rd sing.	*kʷatit	*kʷatitor
1st plur.	*kʷatimos	*kʷatimor
2nd plur.	*kʷatites	—
3rd plur.	*kʷatjont	*kʷatjontor

Present subjunctive	Active	Passive
1st sing.	*kʷatjām	*kʷatjār
2nd sing.	*kʷatjās	*kʷatjāzo
3rd sing.	*kʷatjād	*kʷatjātor
1st plur.	*kʷatjāmos	*kʷatjāmor
2nd plur.	*kʷatjātes	*kʷatjām(e?)n(ai?)
3rd plur.	*kʷatjānd	*kʷatjāntor

Perfect indicative	Active
1st sing.	—
2nd sing.	—
3rd sing.	—
1st plur.	—
2nd plur.	—
3rd plur.	—

Aorist indicative	Active
1st sing.	*kʷētom
2nd sing.	*kʷētes
3rd sing.	*kʷēted
1st plur.	*kʷatome
2nd plur.	*kʷatete
3rd plur.	*kʷatond

Present imperative	Active	Passive
2nd sing.	*kʷati	*kʷatizo
2nd plur.	*kʷatite	—

Future imperative	Active
2nd + 3rd sing.	*kʷatitōd

Participles	Present	Past
	*kʷatints	*kʷassos

Verbal nouns	tu-derivative	s-derivative
	*kʷassum	*kʷatizi

Descendants

Latin: quatiō
⇒? Volscian: arpatitu (3sg. imp.) (if from *ad-kʷatjō)

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 563
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “quatiō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 504-5

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 563

[2] De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “quatiō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 504-5

[1]

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