Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/wōks

This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Italic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs (“speech, voice”), an o-grade root noun of *wekʷ- (“to speak”). The change from /kʷ/ to /k/ is unexpected; the expected descendant of *wṓkʷs is *wokʷs or *wōkʷs, which would have yielded the Latin vox stem voqu- or vōqu-.

Noun

*wōks f[1]

  1. voice

Declension

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Declension of *wōks (consonant stem)
singular plural
nominative *wōks *wokes
vocative *wōks *wokes
accusative *wokem *wokens
genitive *wokes, wokos *wokom
dative *wokei *wokβos
ablative *woki? woke? *wokβos
locative *woki? woke? *wokβos

Derived terms

  • *sub-wok-(o-)
    • Umbrian: suboco (“invocation”)
  • *sub-wok-āje- (or, perhaps *sub-wok-āō)[2][3]

Descendants

  • Latin: vōx, vocō (either a denominative from the oblique stem *wokʷ- or from an intermediate derivative *wokʷ-ā < *wokʷ-eh₂)

References

  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 691-692
  2. ^ Poultney, James Wilson (1959) The Bronze Tables of Iguvium‎[1], Baltimore: American Philological Association
  3. ^ Buck, Carl Darling (1904) A Grammar of Oscan and Umbrian: With a Collection of Inscriptions and a Glossary
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