Reconstruction:Proto-Japonic/int-a-

This Proto-Japonic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

This Proto-Japonic entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Japonic

Verb

*int-a- (infinitive *intay[1])

(intransitive) to go out, to appear
(transitive) to bring out, to make something appear

Derived terms

*inta-s- (causative)

Descendants

Old Japanese: 出づ (idu)
- Japanese: 出る (deru, intransitive)
Proto-Ryukyuan: *ide (intransitive)
- Northern Ryukyuan:
  - Kikai: 出じゆい (ijiyui)
  - Kunigami: 出じるん (ijirun)
  - Northern Amami Ōshima: 出じるり (ijiruri)
  - Okinawan: 出じゆん ('njiyun)
  - Okinoerabu: 出じゆん (ijiyun)
  - Southern Amami Ōshima: 出じゆむっ (ijiyum), 出じーゆむっ (ijīyum)
  - Tokunoshima: 出じゆい (ijiyui)
  - Yoron: 出じゅん (ijun)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako: 出でぃーㇲ゙ (idīz)
  - Yaeyama: 出でぃるん (idirun)
  - Yonaguni: 出るん (ndirun)

Via regular formation of the causative conjugation:

Old Japanese: 出だす (idasu)
- Japanese: 出す (dasu, transitive)
Proto-Ryukyuan: *idasi (transitive)
- Northern Ryukyuan:
  - Kikai: 出じゃしゅい (ijashui)
  - Kunigami: 出じゃーすん (ijāsun)
  - Northern Amami Ōshima: 出じゃすり (ijasuri)
  - Okinawan: 出じゃしゅん ('njashun)
  - Okinoerabu: 出じゃしゅん (ijashun)
  - Southern Amami Ōshima: 出じゃーしゅむっ (ijāshum)
  - Tokunoshima: 出じゃしゅい (ijashui)
  - Yoron: 出じゃしゅん (ijashun)
- Southern Ryukyuan:
  - Miyako: 出だしぃ (idasï)
  - Yaeyama: 出だしぃん (idasïn)
  - Yonaguni: 出だん (ndan)

References

^ Alexander Vovin (2021) “Catching a Black Cat in a Dark Room”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics, retrieved 16 December 2022, page 128

[1] Alexander Vovin (2021) “Catching a Black Cat in a Dark Room”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics, retrieved 16 December 2022, page 128