Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/duʀi

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *duʀi.

Noun

*duʀi

thorn

Descendants

Philippine
- Central Luzon
  - Abenlen Ayta: diwi
  - Bolinao: diwi
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Bikol Central: dugi
  - South Mangyan
    - Hanunoo: dugi
  - Manobo
    - Binukid: dugi
    - Higaonon: dugi
    - Ata Manobo: dugi
    - Obo Manobo: duhi'
    - Dibabawon Manobo: dugi
    - Western Bukidnon Manobo: duɣi
  - Subanen
    - Central Subanen: dugi
  - Palawanic
    - Palawan Batak: dugi
    - Tagbanwa: dugi
    - Central Tagbanwa: duhi
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - Mongondow: dugi
    - Ponosakan: duhi
- Kalamian
  - Calamian Tagbanwa: duli
  - Agutaynen: doli
- Giangan: dulya
- Sangiric: *duʀi (“bone”)
  - North
    - Sangil: duri
    - Sangir: duhi
    - Talaud: dullri
  - South
    - Bantik: duhi
- Minahasan: *duhi (“bone”)
  - Tontemboan: du'i, ru'i
  - Tombulu: duhi
  - Tonsawang: duhi
  - Tonsea: dui
  - Tondano: rui
Basap–Barito
- Sama–Bajaw
  - Yakan: luhi
- East Barito
  - Tawoyan: dui
  - Dusun Witu: rundrui
  - Ma'anyan: runrui
  - Malagasy: roy
- West Barito
  - Ngaju: duhi
  - Bakumpai: duhi
- Mahakam
  - Tunjung: ruhi
- Basap: duri
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Ida'an: duwi
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Dusunic
    - Central Dusun: rugi
    - Kuijau: rugi
    - Momogun
      - Rungus: rugi
      - Kimaragang: rugi
      - Tobilung: rugi
      - Minokok: rugi
    - Bisaya–Lotud
      - Lotud: rugi
  - Paitanic
    - Tombonuo: ruwi
    - Upper Kinabatangan: dui
  - Murutic
    - Burusu: dui
- North Sarawakan
  - Bintulu: ruey
  - Berawan–Lower Baram
    - Berawan: dukkih
    - Kiput: durey
- Central Sarawakan
  - Melanau
    - Central Melanau: duwei
    - Kanowit: durei
  - Kajang
    - Sekapan: duey
    - Kajaman: duey
    - Lahanan: luey
  - Punan
    - Punan Tubu: dui
    - Punan Aput: dui
    - Bukitan: dui
    - Ukit: dui
    - Bukat: dui
  - Müller-Schwaner Punan
    - Hovongan: duhi
    - Kereho: duhi
    - Aoheng: duhi
Land Dayak
- Southern Land Dayak
  - Jangkang: dure
  - Sanggau: duri
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Batak
  - Karo Batak: duri
  - Toba Batak: duri
- Simeulue: rui
- Enggano: e-dudui
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Chamic
  - Acehnese: duroë
  - Coastal Chamic
    - Eastern Cham: ꨕꨣꨶꨰ (daruai)
    - Western Cham: دوروي (durui)
  - Highlands Chamic
    - Jarai: drơi
    - Rade: êruê
- Proto-Malayic: *duri(ʔ)
  - Banjarese: duri
  - Kendayan: duri
  - Ibanic
    - Iban: durɛʔ
    - Keninjal: duɣʷiʔ
    - Mualang: duɣɛʔ
    - Remun: duri
    - Seberuang: duɣeʔ
  - Nuclear Malayic
    - Malay: duri
      - Indonesian: duri
    - Brunei Malay: duri
    - Kedah Malay: duɣi
    - Central Malay: dughi
    - Minangkabau: duri
    - Negeri Sembilan Malay: dughi
    - Pattani Malay: ดูรฺี (duɣi)
  - Urak Lawoi': ดูรี (duri)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: ᬤᬸᬳᬶ (dui)
  - Sasak: duri
Old Javanese: rwi, ri
- Javanese: ꦫꦶ (ri)
South Sulawesi
- Tae': duri
- Buginese: duri
Celebic
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Balantak: ruri'
- Muna–Buton
  - ⇒ Muna: kiri
- Tomini–Tolitoli
  - Totoli: lui
  - Taje: rui
  - Balaesang: rui
- Kaili–Pamona
  - Pamona: rui
- Bungku–Tolaki: *rui
  - Mori Atas: rui
Central Malayo-Polynesian
- Sumba–Flores
  - Savu
    - Sabu: rui
    - Dhao: rui
  - Sumba
    - Laboya: ri
    - Weyewa: rui
- Flores–Lembata
  - Kedang: lurin
- Timoric
  - Tetum: ruin
  - Rote–Meto
    - Uab Meto: nui
  - Kawaimina
    - Waima'a: rui
  - Luangic–Kisaric
    - Luang: ruri
    - Kisar: ruri
    - Roma: rurni
  - Wetar–Galoli
    - Ili'uun: rurin
    - Tugun: rurin
- Kei–Tanimbar
  - Kei: lurin
- Central Maluku
  - East Seram
    - Masiwang: luin
  - Nunusaku
    - Patakai–Manusela
      - North Nuaulu: uni
      - Manusela: huni
    - Three Rivers
      - Alune: luli
    - Piru Bay
      - West
        Asilulu: luli
        
        Larike-Wakasihu: lule
      - East
        Saparua: ruri
        
        Hitu: luli
Oceanic: *ruʀi, *suʀi
- Admiralty Islands
  - Western
    - Seimat: kui
    - Wuvulu-Aua: xui
  - Eastern
    - Manus
      - West
        Likum: cui
        
        Sori-Harengan: hui
        
        Nyindrou: drui
        
        Bipi: xuy
      - Intermediate
        Loniu: uy
      - East
        Nali: drui
        
        Manus Koro: drui
        
        Ponam: hui
    - Southeast
      - Penchal: tui
- Western Oceanic
  - Meso-Melanesian
    - Tolai: uru
    - ⇒ Roviana: surina
  - North New Guinea
    - Numbami: luli
  - Papuan Tip
    - Motu: duri
- Central-Eastern Oceanic
  - Southeast Solomonic
    - Bugotu–Gela
      - Gela: huli
    - Malaita–Makira
      - Malaita (San Cristobal)
        Kwaio: suli
        
        Lau: suli
      - Makira
        Arosi: suri
        
        Bauro: suri
  - Southern Oceanic
    - North Vanuatu
      - Torres–Banks
        Mota: suri
        
        Lakon: suri
      - Espiritu Santo
        Nokuku: sui
        
        Tiale: sui
        
        Araki: sui
      - Maewo–Ambae–North Pentecost
        Sungwadia: suri
        
        Raga: hui
      - South Pentecost
        Apma: su
  - Central Pacific
    - West Fijian–Rotuman
      - Rotuman: sui
      - Western Fijian: sui
    - East Fijian–Polynesian
      - Fijian: sui
      - Polynesian: *hui
        Tongic
        Tongan: hui
        
        Niuean: hui
        
        Niuafo'ou: hui
        
        Nuclear Polynesian: *iwi
        Samoic–Outlier
        Ellicean
        Tuvaluan: ivi
        
        Kapingamarangi: iwi
        
        Nukuoro: ivi
        
        Futunic
        Anuta: ivi
        
        East Futuna: ivi
        
        Futuna-Aniwa: iwi
        
        Samoic
        Samoan: ivi
        
        Tokelauan: ivi
        
        Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        North Marquesan: ivi
        
        Mangarevan: ivi
        
        Hawaiian: iwi
        
        Tahitic
        Tahitian: ivi
        
        Rarotongan: ivi
        
        Maori: iwi
        
        Rapa Nui: ivi

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *duRi.