Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/tukad

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *tukad.

Noun

*tukad

runged ladder
rung of a ladder

Descendants

Philippine
- Northern Luzon
  - Ilocano: tukád
  - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: tukad
- Central Luzon
  - Bolinao: tukar
  - Abenlen Ayta: tokad
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Gorontalo–Mongondow
    - Gorontalo: tutuadu
    - Mongondow: tukad
    - Ponosakan: tukar
- Sangiric: *tukad
Greater Barito
- Sama–Bajaw
  - Yakan: tukad
- East Barito
  - Lawangan: tukar
  - Ma'anyan: tukat
  - Malagasy: tohatra
North Bornean
- Northeast Sabahan
  - Bonggi: tuhad
- Southwest Sabahan
  - Greater Dusunic
    - Dusunic
      - Central Dusun: tukad
      - Tambunan Dusun: tukad
      - Labuk-Kinabatangan Kadazan: tukad
      - Momogun
        Rungus: tukad
        
        Kimaragang: tukad
        
        Tobilung: tukad
    - Bisaya–Lotud
      - Lotud: tukad
      - Sabah Bisaya: tukad
  - Paitanic
    - Tombonuo: tukad
  - Murutic
    - Timugon Murut: tukar
    - Abai Sembuak: tukad
South Sulawesi
- Makasar: tukaʼ
Celebic
- Saluan–Banggai
  - Banggai: tukal
- Kaili–Pamona
  - Pamona: tuka
  - Uma: tuka'

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *tukad₁.