Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/tulak

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Verb

*tulak

to push away; shove; repel

Descendants

Philippine
- Batanic
  - Ibatan: tolak
- Northern Luzon
  - Casiguran Dumagat Agta: tulak
  - Pangasinan: tolák
- Central Luzon
  - Kapampangan: túlak
  - Sambalic
    - Mag-Anchi Ayta: tolak
    - Bolinao: tulak
- Greater Central Philippine
  - Central Philippine
    - Tagalog: túlak
    - Visayan
      - Cebuano: túlak
      - Hiligaynon: túlak
      - Tausug: tulak
  - Palawanic
    - Central Palawano: tulak
  - Danao
    - Maranao: tolak
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Toba Batak: tulak
Malayo-Sumbawan
- Proto-Malayic: *tulak
  - Iban: tulak
  - Malay: tolak
    - Indonesian: tolak
    - North Moluccan Malay: tola (“to push”)
  - Minangkabau: tulak
  - Urak Lawoi': ตูละ (tulaq)
- Bali–Sasak–Sumbawa
  - Balinese: ᬢᬸᬮᬓ᭄ (tulak)
  - Sumbawa: tolak
Old Javanese: tulak
- Javanese: ꦠꦸꦭꦏ꧀ (tulak)
South Sulawesi: *tulak (“prop up”)
Central Malayo-Polynesian
- Sumba–Flores
  - Kambera: tulaku
Oceanic
- Central Pacific
  - Proto-Polynesian: *tulak-i
    - Tongic
      - Tongan: tulaki
    - Nuclear Polynesian
      - Samoic–Outlier
        Pukapukan: tuleki
        Samoan: tulei
      - Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        Hawaiian: kulaʻi
        Mangarevan: turàki
        North Marquesan: tuaki
        South Marquesan: tuaʻi
        Tahitic
        Tahitian: turaʻi
        Maori: turaki
        Penrhyn: turaki
        Tuamotuan: turaki

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *tulak.