Reconstruction:Proto-Norse/ᚦᚨᛁᛉ

This Proto-Norse entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Norse

Etymology

    Inherited from Proto-Germanic *þai (“they, those”).

    Pronoun

    *ᚦᚨᛁᛉ (*þaiʀ) m pl (feminine ᚦᛡᛁᛡᛉ)

    1. they, those

    Descendants

    • Old Norse: þeir, ᚦᛅᛁᛦ (þaiʀ) — early Common Nordic, ᚦᛅᛁᚱ (þair), ᚦᛂᛁᚱ (þeir) — after merger of r and ʀ, occurring by the 800s in West Norse and late 1000s in East Norse, ᚦᛂᚱ (þer), ᚦᛂᛦ (þeʀ), ᚦᛁᚱ (þir), ᚦᛁᛦ (þiʀ) — after East Norse monophthongization, starting in the mid 900s in Denmark, ᚦᛅ (þa), ᚦᛅᛁᛘ (þaim) — Common Nordic, ᚦᛂᛁᛘ (þeim) — after invention of stung runes, ᚦᛂᛘ (þem), ᚦᛁᛘ (þim) — after East Norse monophthongization, ᚦᛅᛁᚱᛅ (þaira), ᚦᛅᛁᛦᛅ (þaiʀa), ᚦᛂᛁᚱᛅ (þeira), ᚦᛂᛁᛦᛅ (þeiʀa), ᚦᛂᚱᛅ (þera), ᚦᛂᛦᛅ (þeʀa), ᚦᛁᚱᛅ (þira), ᚦᛁᛦᛅ (þiʀa)
      • Icelandic: þeir
      • Faroese: teir
      • Norwegian Nynorsk: dei
      • Jamtish: di
      • Elfdalian: dier
      • Old Swedish: þēr, the, þir, thi
      • Old Danish: þhe, the
        • Danish: de
        • Norwegian Bokmål: de
      • Old Gutnish: þar
      • → Middle English: thei, they
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