Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ʔiš-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

Possibly related to Iraqw asla.

Noun

*ʔiš- f

fire

Inflection

Declension of *ʔiš-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ʔišum	*ʔišāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*ʔišam	*ʔišayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*ʔišim	*ʔišayna	plural stem + *-īna

possessive forms
1^st person	ʔišī / ʔišVya	—	*ʔišVni
2^nd person m	*ʔišVka	ʔišVkumā / ʔišVkumay	*ʔišVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*ʔišVki	ʔišVkumā / ʔišVkumay	*ʔišVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*ʔišVšu	ʔišVšumā / ʔišVšumay	*ʔišVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*ʔišVša	ʔišVšumā / ʔišVšumay	*ʔišVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ʔišuya for nom. case, *ʔišiya for gen. case, *ʔišaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒉈 (išātum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic:
    - Arabic: أُسٌّ (ʔussun, “remains of ashes; foundation of a campsite”)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: אֶשָּׁתָא (ʾeššāṯā)
      - Classical Syriac: ܐܶܫܴ݁ܬܴܐ (ʾeššāṯā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: אֵשׁ (esh, ʾēš), אִשֶּׁה ('ishé, ʾiššê)
      - Phoenician: 𐤀𐤔 (ʾš)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎛𐎌𐎚 (ỉšt /⁠ʾiššatu⁠/)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: እሳት (ʾəsat), ሳት (sat)
  - Dahalik: [script needed] (ʾisat)
  - Ge'ez: እሳት (ʾəsat)
  - Tigre: እሳት (ʾəsat)
- Modern South Arabian
  - Soqotri: ڛياط (ŝiyáṭ)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN