Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/ṯalg-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*ṯalg- m

snow

Inflection

Declension of *ṯalg-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ṯalgum	*ṯalgāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*ṯalgam	*ṯalgayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*ṯalgim	*ṯalgayna	plural stem + *-īna

possessive forms
1^st person	ṯalgī / ṯalgVya	—	*ṯalgVni
2^nd person m	*ṯalgVka	ṯalgVkumā / ṯalgVkumay	*ṯalgVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*ṯalgVki	ṯalgVkumā / ṯalgVkumay	*ṯalgVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*ṯalgVšu	ṯalgVšumā / ṯalgVšumay	*ṯalgVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*ṯalgVša	ṯalgVšumā / ṯalgVšumay	*ṯalgVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *ṯalguya for nom. case, *ṯalgiya for gen. case, *ṯalgaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒊭𒀠𒄖𒌝 (šalgum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: ثَلْج (ṯalj)
    - Egyptian Arabic: تلج (talg)
    - Gulf Arabic: ثلج (ṯalj)
    - Hijazi Arabic: ثلج (talj)
    - Maltese: silġ
    - Moroccan Arabic: تلج (talj)
    - → Dongolawi: tɛlığ
    - → Malay: salji, salju
      - Indonesian: salju
    - → Javanese: ꦱꦭ꧀ꦗꦸ (salju)
    - Ottoman Turkish: ثلج (selc)
      - Turkish: selc
    - → Sundanese: salju
    - → Swahili: theluji
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic:
      Hebrew script: תַּלְגָּא (talgā)
      
      Syriac script: ܬܱ݁ܠܓܳܐ (talgā)
    - Canaanite
      - Hebrew: שֶׁלֶג (shéleg, šéleḡ)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎂𐎍𐎘 (glṯ /⁠galṯu⁠/)
→ Egyptian:

(sꜣrꜣqw)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2011) “Proto-Semitic Phonetics and Phonology”, in Weninger, Stefan, editor, The Semitic Languages. An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft – Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science; 36), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 55