Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/baraḳ-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Etymology

From Proto-Afroasiatic *bǐrk’-/*bǎrk’- (“to flash”). Cognate with Egyptian brg / brk (“to give out light”) and Proto-Cushitic *bark’-/*birk’- (“spark, flash”).

Noun

*baraḳ- m

lightning

Inflection

Declension of *baraḳ-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*baraḳum	*baraḳāna	plural stem + *-ūna
accusative	*baraḳam	*baraḳayna	plural stem + *-īna
genitive	*baraḳim	*baraḳayna	plural stem + *-īna

possessive forms
1^st person	baraḳī / baraḳVya	—	*baraḳVni
2^nd person m	*baraḳVka	baraḳVkumā / baraḳVkumay	*baraḳVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*baraḳVki	baraḳVkumā / baraḳVkumay	*baraḳVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*baraḳVšu	baraḳVšumā / baraḳVšumay	*baraḳVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*baraḳVša	baraḳVšumā / baraḳVšumay	*baraḳVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *baraḳuya for nom. case, *baraḳiya for gen. case, *baraḳaya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒉏𒄈 (birqum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - (possibly formed as a deverbal noun rather than a true inheritance) Arabic: بَرْق (barq)
    - Hijazi Arabic: برق (barg)
    - Maltese: beraq
    - Moroccan Arabic: برق (barq)
    - South Levantine Arabic: برق (barq)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: برق (berk)
    - → Persian: برق (barq)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: בַּרְקָא (barqā)
      - Classical Mandaic: ࡁࡉࡓࡒࡀ (birqā)
      - Classical Syriac: ܒܱ݁ܪܩܳܐ (barqā)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: בָּרָק (barák, bārāq)
      - Phoenician: 𐤁𐤓𐤒 (brq /⁠baraq⁠/)
        Punic: 𐤁𐤓𐤒 (brq /⁠baraq⁠/)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎗𐎖 (brq /⁠baraqu⁠/)
  - Old South Arabian:
    - (Epigraphic) Old South Arabian: 𐩨𐩧𐩤 (brq)
- Ethiopian Semitic:
  - Amharic: በርቅ (bärḳ)
  - Ge'ez: በርቅ (bärḳ)
  - Tigrinya: በርቂ (bärḳi)
  - Tigre: በርቅ (bärḳ)
- Modern South Arabian:
  - Mehri: bōreq
  - Shehri: barq
  - Soqotri: barq
→ Coptic: ⲉⲃⲣⲏϭⲉ (ebrēce) (Sahidic)

References

Kogan, Leonid (2015) Genealogical Classification of Semitic. The Lexical Isoglosses, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN