Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/ščitъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *skeitas, *skaita-, from Proto-Indo-European *skey-to-m, from *skey- (“to cut, separate”).

Baltic cognates include Lithuanian skiẽtas (“reed”), Latvian šķiêts (“reed”), šķieta (“goose sternum”), Old Prussian scaytan (“shield”).

Indo-European cognates include Latin scūtum (“shield”) from *skoytom; and Old Irish scíath (“shield”), Welsh ysgwyd (“shield”), Breton skoed (Old Breton skoit), all from Proto-Celtic *skeitos, from *skeytos.

Comparison with Proto-Germanic *skelduz (“shield”) is doubtful.

Noun

*ščĩtъ m

The original meaning was "something cut off, separated" > "board"

shield

Inflection

Declension of *ščĩtъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ščĩtъ	*ščītà	*ščītì
genitive	*ščītà	*ščītù	*ščĩtъ
dative	*ščītù	*ščītòma	*ščītòmъ
accusative	*ščĩtъ	*ščītà	*ščītỳ
instrumental	ščītъ̀mь, ščītòmь^*	*ščītòma	*ščĩty
locative	*ščītě̀	*ščītù	*ščĩtěxъ
vocative	*ščite	*ščītà	*ščītì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: щитъ (ščitŭ)
  - Belarusian: шчыт (ščyt)
  - Russian: щит (ščit)
  - Carpathian Rusyn: щит (ščyt)
  - Ukrainian: щит (ščyt)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: щитъ (štitŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: ⱋⰻⱅⱏ (štitŭ)
- Bulgarian: щит (štit)
- Macedonian: штит (štit)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: шти̑т
  
  Latin script: štȋt
- Slovene: ščȋt (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: ščít
  - Czech: štít
- Kashubian: szczit
- Old Polish: szczyt
  - Polish: szczyt
- Old Slovak: ščít, štít
  - Pannonian Rusyn: щит (ščit)
  - Slovak: štít
- Slovincian: szczyt
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: škit
  - Lower Sorbian: šćit

References

Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 486
Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “щит”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Chernykh, P. Ja. (1999) “щит”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 436