Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-okъ
Proto-Slavic
Etymology 1
Nominal suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kós.
Suffix
*-òkъ m
- (Regional) From feminine animal nouns (usually in i-stem), forms the respective masculine counter-part (in South Slavic)
- From adjectives, forms a carrier of the adjective
- From prepositions, forms a carrier of the adjective
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-okъ | *-oka | *-oci |
| genitive | *-oka | *-oku | *-okъ |
| dative | *-oku | *-okoma | *-okomъ |
| accusative | *-okъ | *-oka | *-oky |
| instrumental | *-okъmь, *-okomь* | *-okoma | *-oky |
| locative | *-ocě | *-oku | *-ocěxъ |
| vocative | *-oče | *-oka | *-oci |
* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.
Related terms
Etymology 2
Adjectival suffix, derived from *-kъ appended to o-stems *-ъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.
Suffix
*-òkъ
- From gauge nouns in i-stem, forms adjectives with pertaining meaning: -y
- *glǫbь (“depth”) → *glǫbokъ (“deep”)
- *vysь (“height, elevation”) → *vysokъ (“high, elevated”)
- *širь (“scope, vast space”) → *širokъ (“wide”)
- *dalь (“distance”) → *dalekъ (“distant”)
- *žestь (“stiffness”) → *žestokъ (“cruel, severe”)
- Pre-Slavic *grǫstь (“roughness, cavity”) → *grǫstokъ (“rough, sturdy”)
Alternative forms
- *-ekъ (when appended to yo-stems)
Declension
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-okъ | *-oka | *-oko |
| genitive | *-oka | *-oky | *-oka |
| dative | *-oku | *-ocě | *-oku |
| accusative | *-okъ | *-okǫ | *-oko |
| instrumental | *-okomь | *-okojǫ | *-okomь |
| locative | *-ocě | *-ocě | *-ocě |
| vocative | *-oče | *-oko | *-oko |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-oka | *-ocě | *-ocě |
| genitive | *-oku | *-oku | *-oku |
| dative | *-okoma | *-okama | *-okoma |
| accusative | *-oka | *-ocě | *-ocě |
| instrumental | *-okoma | *-okama | *-okoma |
| locative | *-oku | *-oku | *-oku |
| vocative | *-oka | *-ocě | *-ocě |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-oci | *-oky | *-oka |
| genitive | *-okъ | *-okъ | *-okъ |
| dative | *-okomъ | *-okamъ | *-okomъ |
| accusative | *-oky | *-oky | *-oka |
| instrumental | *-oky | *-okami | *-oky |
| locative | *-ocěxъ | *-okaxъ | *-ocěxъ |
| vocative | *-oci | *-oky | *-oka |
| singular | masculine | feminine | neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *-okъjь | *-okaja | *-okoje |
| genitive | *-okajego | *-okyję̇ | *-okajego |
| dative | *-okujemu | *-ocěji | *-okujemu |
| accusative | *-okъjь | *-okǫjǫ | *-okoje |
| instrumental | *-okyjimь | *-okǫjǫ | *-okyjimь |
| locative | *-ocějemь | *-ocěji | *-ocějemь |
| vocative | *-okъjь | *-okaja | *-okoje |
| dual | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-okaja | *-ocěji | *-ocěji |
| genitive | *-okuju | *-okuju | *-okuju |
| dative | *-okyjima | *-okyjima | *-okyjima |
| accusative | *-okaja | *-ocěji | *-ocěji |
| instrumental | *-okyjima | *-okyjima | *-okyjima |
| locative | *-okuju | *-okuju | *-okuju |
| vocative | *-okaja | *-ocěji | *-ocěji |
| plural | masculine | feminine | neuter |
| nominative | *-ociji | *-okyję̇ | *-okaja |
| genitive | *-okъjixъ | *-okъjixъ | *-okъjixъ |
| dative | *-okyjimъ | *-okyjimъ | *-okyjimъ |
| accusative | *-okyję̇ | *-okyję̇ | *-okaja |
| instrumental | *-okyjimi | *-okyjimi | *-okyjimi |
| locative | *-okyjixъ | *-okyjixъ | *-okyjixъ |
| vocative | *-ociji | *-okyję̇ | *-okaja |
Derived terms
Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-okъ
Category Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-ekъ not found
References
- Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “мишо̀к¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 144
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*moldokъ/*moldoka”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 19 (*męs⁽'⁾arь – *morzakъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 169
- Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*grǫstokъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 147
Further reading
- Villnow Komárková, Jana, Blažek, Václav (2011) “Slovanské *širъ & *širokъ”, in Linguistica Brunensia, volume 59, numbers 1-2, page 122