Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-otьja

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From the combination of *-ota +‎ *-ьja. Productive only in Bulgarian and Macedonian, so likely inherited from Old Church Slavonic. Probably, the construct was influenced by Byzantine Greek forms such as ἰδιώτης (idiṓtēs, “private citizen”) → ἰδιωτεία (idiōteía, “ignorance”).

Suffix

*-otь̀ja f

  1. Denominal, forming apologetic abstract nouns with negative connotation
    *běda (“trouble, misfortune”) → Macedonian бедотија (bedotija, “misery”)
    *groza (“horror, ugliness”) → *grozotьja (“eyesore”)
    *gnǫsъ (“disgust”) → *gnǫsotьja (“repugnance”)
    *sormъ (“shame”) → *sormotьja (“disgrace”)
  2. Deadjectival, forming apologetic abstract nouns with negative connotation
    From simple-stem adjectives:
    *samъ (“alone”) → *samotьja (“solitute, loneliness”)
    *krivъ (“curved, awry”) → *krivotьja (“curvature; figur. petulant person”)
    *lošь (“bad”) → *lošetьja (“malice”)
    *tǫpъ (“dump”) → *tǫpotьja (“stupidity, stupid act”)
    *prostъ (“simple”) → *prostotьja (“simplicity, simpleton act”)
    From adjectives in *-ьnъ:
    *bědьnъ (“poor”) → Bulgarian беднотия (bednotija, “poverty”)
    *alčьnъ (“greedy, avid”) → *alčьnotьja (“excessive greed, avidity”)
    *tьmьnъ (“dark, dull”) → *tьmьnotьja (“pitch darkness”)
    *těsnъ (“narrow”) → *těsnotьja (“lack of space, slimness”)
  3. Deverbial, forming apologetic abstract nouns with negative connotation
    *mьrsiti (“to pollute, to defile”) → *mьrsotьja (“pollution”)
    *brъkati (“to stir, to mix”) → *brъkotьja (“disorder, absolute mess”)

Declension

Declension of *-otьja (soft a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *-otьja *-otьji *-otьję̇
genitive *-otьję̇ *-otьju *-otьjь
dative *-otьji *-otьjama *-otьjamъ
accusative *-otьjǫ *-otьji *-otьję̇
instrumental *-otьjejǫ, *-otьjǫ** *-otьjama *-otьjami
locative *-otьji *-otьju *-otьjasъ, *-otьjaxъ*
vocative *-otьje *-otьji *-otьję̇

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

Category Proto-Slavic terms suffixed with *-otьja not found

References

  • G. Kiselinov (1958): "-отиjа" in Македонска граматика за IV одделение (in Macedonian), Prosvetno delo, page 50
  • St. Stoyanov (1983): "-отѝя" in Граматика на съвременния Български книжовен език, vol. II Морфология (in Bulgarian), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, page 63
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