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This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Slavic
Etymology
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gru(m)b-, from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to wind, turn”).[1] or from *gʰru-m-bʰ-o-, related to *gʰrewbʰ-.[2] Cognate with Lithuanian grubùs, German grob, Low German groff (whence Danish, Swedish and Norwegian grov), Dutch grof, and English gruff.
Adjective
*grǫbъ[3][4][5]
- coarse, rude
Inflection
Indefinite declension of *grǫbъ (hard)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*grǫbъ
|
*grǫba
|
*grǫbo
|
| genitive
|
*grǫba
|
*grǫby
|
*grǫba
|
| dative
|
*grǫbu
|
*grǫbě
|
*grǫbu
|
| accusative
|
*grǫbъ
|
*grǫbǫ
|
*grǫbo
|
| instrumental
|
*grǫbomь
|
*grǫbojǫ
|
*grǫbomь
|
| locative
|
*grǫbě
|
*grǫbě
|
*grǫbě
|
| vocative
|
*grǫbe
|
*grǫbo
|
*grǫbo
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*grǫba
|
*grǫbě
|
*grǫbě
|
| genitive
|
*grǫbu
|
*grǫbu
|
*grǫbu
|
| dative
|
*grǫboma
|
*grǫbama
|
*grǫboma
|
| accusative
|
*grǫba
|
*grǫbě
|
*grǫbě
|
| instrumental
|
*grǫboma
|
*grǫbama
|
*grǫboma
|
| locative
|
*grǫbu
|
*grǫbu
|
*grǫbu
|
| vocative
|
*grǫba
|
*grǫbě
|
*grǫbě
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*grǫbi
|
*grǫby
|
*grǫba
|
| genitive
|
*grǫbъ
|
*grǫbъ
|
*grǫbъ
|
| dative
|
*grǫbomъ
|
*grǫbamъ
|
*grǫbomъ
|
| accusative
|
*grǫby
|
*grǫby
|
*grǫba
|
| instrumental
|
*grǫby
|
*grǫbami
|
*grǫby
|
| locative
|
*grǫběxъ
|
*grǫbaxъ
|
*grǫběxъ
|
| vocative
|
*grǫbi
|
*grǫby
|
*grǫba
|
Definite declension of *grǫbъ (hard)
| singular
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*grǫbъjь
|
*grǫbaja
|
*grǫboje
|
| genitive
|
*grǫbajego
|
*grǫbyję̇
|
*grǫbajego
|
| dative
|
*grǫbujemu
|
*grǫběji
|
*grǫbujemu
|
| accusative
|
*grǫbъjь
|
*grǫbǫjǫ
|
*grǫboje
|
| instrumental
|
*grǫbyjimь
|
*grǫbǫjǫ
|
*grǫbyjimь
|
| locative
|
*grǫbějemь
|
*grǫběji
|
*grǫbějemь
|
| vocative
|
*grǫbъjь
|
*grǫbaja
|
*grǫboje
|
| dual
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*grǫbaja
|
*grǫběji
|
*grǫběji
|
| genitive
|
*grǫbuju
|
*grǫbuju
|
*grǫbuju
|
| dative
|
*grǫbyjima
|
*grǫbyjima
|
*grǫbyjima
|
| accusative
|
*grǫbaja
|
*grǫběji
|
*grǫběji
|
| instrumental
|
*grǫbyjima
|
*grǫbyjima
|
*grǫbyjima
|
| locative
|
*grǫbuju
|
*grǫbuju
|
*grǫbuju
|
| vocative
|
*grǫbaja
|
*grǫběji
|
*grǫběji
|
| plural
|
masculine
|
feminine
|
neuter
|
| nominative
|
*grǫbiji
|
*grǫbyję̇
|
*grǫbaja
|
| genitive
|
*grǫbъjixъ
|
*grǫbъjixъ
|
*grǫbъjixъ
|
| dative
|
*grǫbyjimъ
|
*grǫbyjimъ
|
*grǫbyjimъ
|
| accusative
|
*grǫbyję̇
|
*grǫbyję̇
|
*grǫbaja
|
| instrumental
|
*grǫbyjimi
|
*grǫbyjimi
|
*grǫbyjimi
|
| locative
|
*grǫbyjixъ
|
*grǫbyjixъ
|
*grǫbyjixъ
|
| vocative
|
*grǫbiji
|
*grǫbyję̇
|
*grǫbaja
|
Descendants
- East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: грѫбъ (grǫbŭ), грубъ (grubŭ)
- Old Ruthenian: гру́бый (hrúbyj)
- Russian: гру́бый (grúbyj); грубо́й (grubój) (dialectal)
- → Lithuanian: grubus
- → Latvian: grubuļains
- South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
- Old Cyrillic script: грѫбъ (grǫbŭ)
- Glagolitic script: ⰳⱃⱘⰱⱏ (grǫbŭ)
- Church Slavonic: грѫбꙑи (grǫbyi), грꙋбꙑи (grubyi) (Russian recension)
- Bulgarian: груб (grub)
- Macedonian: груб (grub)
- Serbo-Croatian:
- Cyrillic script: гру̑б; гру̏би (dialectal)
- Latin script: grȗb; grȕbi (dialectal)
- Slovene: grọ̑b (tonal orthography)
- West Slavic:
References
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “385-390”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 385-390
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “gruba”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 192
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*grǫbъ; *grubъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 192: “adj. o ‘coarse, rude’”
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “grǫbъ grǫba grǫbo”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List[2], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b (SA 21); c (PR 138) grov”
- ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grǫbъ(jь)/*grubъ(jь)”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 145