Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/grajati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *grāˀ-, *grāˀtei, from Proto-Indo-European *gerh₂- (“to cry hoarsely”). Cognate with Lithuanian gróti (“to caw, to croak, to howl, to roar, to scold”) (1sg. gróju; also grióti, 1sg. grióju), Old High German krāen (“to crow”).

Verb

*grajati impf[1]

  1. to caw, to croak

Inflection

Conjugation of *grajati, *graja, *grajetь (impf., intr., -ja/V-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)
Verbal noun Infinitive Supine L-participle
*grajanьje *grajati *grajatъ *grajalъ
Participles
Tense Past Present
Passive — —
Active *grajavъ *graję
Aorist Present
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *grajaxъ *graja *graja *grajǫ *graješi *grajetь
Dual *grajaxově *grajasta *grajaste *grajevě *grajeta *grajete
Plural *grajaxomъ *grajaste *grajašę *grajemъ *grajete *grajǫtь
Imperfect Imperative
Person 1st 2nd 3rd 1st 2nd 3rd
Singular *grajaaxъ *grajaaše *grajaaše — *graji *graji
Dual *grajaaxově *grajaašeta *grajaašete *grajivě *grajita —
Plural *grajaaxomъ *grajaašete *grajaaxǫ *grajimъ *grajite —

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old East Slavic: граꙗти (grajati)
  • South Slavic:
    • Bulgarian: гра́я (grája)
    • Serbo-Croatian:
      Cyrillic script: гра̏јати, гра́јати
      Latin: grȁjati, grájati
    • Slovene: grājati (tonal orthography)
  • West Slavic:

Further reading

  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1980), “*grajati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 7 (*golvačь – *gyžati), Moscow: Nauka, page 101
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “гра́ять”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

References

  1. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*grajati”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 185: “v. ‘caw, croak’”
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