Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/gvozdъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *gwesd- (“dense, compact”), apparently via o-stem Proto-Balto-Slavic *gwázdas. Akin to Proto-Germanic *kwastuz (“tuft; tassel”) (u-stem), Albanian gjeth (“foilage”) (i-stem).

Noun

*gvо̀zdъ m^[1]^[2]

dense woodland, holt, thicket
Synonyms: *gǫstakъ, *čęšča

Declension

Declension of *gvòzdъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*gvòzdъ	*gvozdà	*gvozdì
genitive	*gvozdà	*gvozdù	*gvòzdъ
dative	*gvozdù	*gvozdòma	*gvozdòmъ
accusative	*gvòzdъ	*gvozdà	*gvozdỳ
instrumental	gvozdъ̀mь, gvozdòmь^*	*gvozdòma	*gvòzdy
locative	*gvozdě̀	*gvozdù	*gvòzděxъ
vocative	*gvozde	*gvozdà	*gvozdì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Related terms

*gvozditi (“to stiffen”)
- *gvozdьnъ, *gvozděnъ (“stiff, iron”)
*gvozdь, *gvozdьjь (“peg, nail”)

Descendants

South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian: (Kajkavian, archaic)
  Cyrillic script: гво̏зд
  
  Latin script: gvȍzd
- Slovene: gọ̏zd, gọ̑zd (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: hvozd (literary)
- Old Polish: gozd

References

^ Olander, Thomas (2001) “gvozdъ gvozda”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b forest, thicket (NA 119f.; SA 156)”
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “gozd”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. [...] *gvozdъ̏”

[1] Olander, Thomas (2001) “gvozdъ gvozda”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List‎^[1], Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b forest, thicket (NA 119f.; SA 156)”

[2] Snoj, Marko (2016) “gozd”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “Pslovan. [...] *gvozdъ̏”

[1]

[2]