Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kavъka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From *kàva +‎ *-ъka.

Noun

*kàvъka f^[1]^[2]^[3]

(originally) diminutive of *kàva (“jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)”)
jackdaw (Coloeus monedula)
Synonyms: *kàva, (South Slavic) *čàvъka

Inflection

Declension of *kàvъka (hard a-stem, accent paradigm a)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kàvъka	*kàvъcě	*kàvъky
genitive	*kàvъky	*kàvъku	*kàvъkъ
dative	*kàvъcě	*kàvъkama	*kàvъkamъ
accusative	*kàvъkǫ	*kàvъcě	*kàvъky
instrumental	kàvъkojǫ, kàvъkǭ^**	*kàvъkama	*kàvъkamī
locative	*kàvъcě	*kàvъku	kàvъkasъ, kàvъkaxъ^*
vocative	*kàvъko	*kàvъcě	*kàvъky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

verbs

*kavъkati

Descendants

East Slavic:
- >? Old East Slavic: кавка (kavka, “concubine”)
- Old Ruthenian: ка́вка (kávka)
  - Belarusian: ка́ўка (káŭka)
  - Carpathian Rusyn: ка́вка (kávka)
  - Ukrainian: ка́вка (kávka) (dialectal)
- Russian: ка́вка (kávka) (dated, dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: ка́вка (kávka) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian: (dated, dialectla)
  Cyrillic script: ка̑вка
  
  Latin script: kȃvka
- Slovene: kȃvka (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: kavka
  - Czech: kavka
- Old Polish: kawka
  - Polish: kawka
    - → German: Kawke (dialectal)
- Old Slovak: kavka
  - Slovak: kavka
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: kôwka
  - Slovincian: kawka
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: kawka
  - Upper Sorbian: kawka

Non-Slavic:
- → Romanian: ceucă

References

^ Jakubowicz, Mariola, editor (2024), “kavъka”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 10 (-ka – kožuchъ), Warszawa: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 68
^ Klotz, Emanuel (2017) “*kā̱˙wukā˙”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 131
^ Snoj, Marko (2016) “kȃvka”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si

Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ка́ва”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “kawka”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN, page 225
Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “KAWA 2”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), volume 646
Martynaŭ, V. U., Tsykhun, G. A., editors (1978–2017), “Ка́ўка”, in Этымалагічны слоўнік беларускай мовы [Etymological Dictionary of the Belarusian Language] (in Belarusian), Minsk: Belaruskaia navuka
Jiří Rejzek (2007) “kavka”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda, page 278

Václav Machek (1968) “kavka”, in Etymologický slovník jazyka českého [Etymological Dictionary of the Czech Language], 2nd edition, Prague: Academia, page 246
Králik, Ľubor (2016) “kavka”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 262

[1] Jakubowicz, Mariola, editor (2024), “kavъka”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volume 10 (-ka – kožuchъ), Warszawa: Instytut Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk, →ISBN, page 68

[2] Klotz, Emanuel (2017) “*kā̱˙wukā˙”, in Urslawisches Wörterbuch [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in German), 1st edition, Wien: Facultas, →ISBN, page 131

[3] Snoj, Marko (2016) “kȃvka”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si

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