Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kormola

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Related to Old High German karmala (“revolt”) (whence also Vulgar Latin carmula (“id.”)):

  • Miklošič, Berneker, Mladenov (deemed more likely by Vasmer): The Slavic term borrowed from Old High German (Old Bavarian) and spread via West Slavic to other Slavic dialects.
  • Brandt: Of native origin, perhaps from *korъ (“reproach”) +‎ *-m- + *-ola. The Bavarian term borrowed from Slavic.

Noun

*kormola f

  1. turmoil, brawl, scuffle, heated argument
    Synonyms: *karanica, *svarъ, *sъporъ

Declension

Declension of *kormola (hard a-stem)
singular dual plural
nominative *kormola *kormolě *kormoly
genitive *kormoly *kormolu *kormolъ
dative *kormolě *kormolama *kormolamъ
accusative *kormolǫ *kormolě *kormoly
instrumental *kormolojǫ, *kormolǫ** *kormolama *kormolami
locative *kormolě *kormolu *kormolasъ, *kormolaxъ*
vocative *kormolo *kormolě *kormoly

* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Derived terms

  • *kormoliti, *kormoľati (“to brawl, to skirmish”)

Descendants

  • East Slavic:
    • Old Ruthenian: коромола (koromola)
      • Belarusian: коромо́ла (koromóla)
      • Ukrainian: коромо́ли pl (koromóly)
  • South Slavic:
  • West Slavic:
    • Old Czech: kramola
      • Czech: kramol m
    • ⇒ Slovak: grámor
  • Toponyms:
    • ⇒ Polish: Kromołów
    • Sorbian:
      • Lower Sorbian: Kromoła

Further reading

  • Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kormola”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 89
  • Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “крамола”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
  • Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982–2012), “коромоли”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
  • Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1979), “крамола”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 2 (и – крепя̀), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 714
  • Snoj, Marko (2016) “kramljáti”, in Slovenski etimološki slovar [Slovenian Etymology Dictionary] (in Slovene), 3rd edition, https://fran.si: “iz bav. stvnem. karmula ‛upor, vstaja’”
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