Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kostъka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *kost-der.
    Proto-Slavic *kȍstь
    Proto-Balto-Slavic *-kāˀ
    Proto-Slavic *-ъka
    Proto-Slavic *kostъka

    From *kȍstь +‎ *-ъka.

    Noun

    *kostъka f[1]

    1. small bone

    Declension

    Declension of *kostъka (hard a-stem)
    singular dual plural
    nominative *kostъka *kostъcě *kostъky
    genitive *kostъky *kostъku *kostъkъ
    dative *kostъcě *kostъkama *kostъkamъ
    accusative *kostъkǫ *kostъcě *kostъky
    instrumental *kostъkojǫ, *kostъkǫ** *kostъkama *kostъkami
    locative *kostъcě *kostъku *kostъkasъ, *kostъkaxъ*
    vocative *kostъko *kostъcě *kostъky

    * -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
    ** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

    Descendants

    • East Slavic:
      • Old East Slavic: *костъка (*kostŭka)
        • Old Ruthenian: ко́стка (kóstka)
          • Belarusian: ко́стка (kóstka) (dialectal)
          • Ukrainian: кі́стка (kístka)
        • Middle Russian: ко́стка (kóstka)
          • ⇒ Russian: (dialectal) косто́к m (kostók)
    • South Slavic:
    • West Slavic:

    References

    1. ^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1984), “*kostъka”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 11 (*konьcь – *kotьna(ja)), Moscow: Nauka, page 166
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